NOTICES OP BRAZIL. 



69 



Siara, Parahyba, and Piauhy are less fertile than the cap- 

 taincies already named. Nevertheless, its numerous flocks and 

 herds supply a lucrative branch of trade. 



The riches of the vegetable kingdom in Maranham and Para, 

 are incalculable. Cotton flourishes, the cacao tree covers the 

 banks of certain rivers, several spice-trees grow spontaneously, 

 and among the choice woods is that called citrin, which is re- 

 served for the manufacture of the most sumptuous kind of 

 moveables. All these will be sources of wealth, when the 

 country becomes more densely populated. 



Besides the products already named, indigo grows in several 

 parts of Brazil, and the cochineal was formerly cultivated in 

 the neighborhood of Rio Janeiro. With all these advantages, 

 added to a little more industry and a greater population, Brazil 

 might soon rank herself amongst the richest and most powerful 

 nations on earth. 



Finally, the southern provinces expf rt wheat, hides, horn, 

 hair, and tallow ; the middle, gold and precious stones and the 

 northern, cotton, cofiee, sugar, tobacco, and Brazil wood. The 

 quantities of the staple articles exported annually have been 

 estimated at one hundred thousand cases of sugar, of fifteen 

 quintals (128 lb.) each; a hundred and fifty thousand bales of 

 cotton, and between twelve and thirteen millions of pounds of 

 cofiee ! The imports are chiefly wines, brandy, and oil, from 

 Portugal ; dry goods and hardware from England ; and flour, 

 salted provisions, naval stores, and household furniture, from 

 the United States. 



The population of Brazil, according to the latest census, in 

 1819, is as follows; 



Whites, 843,000 



Indians, 259,400 



Free castes, 426,000 



Slave do. 200,000 



Free blacks, 159,500 



Black slaves, 1,728,000 



Total, 3,615,900 



