88 CHOUGH. 



to undertake so long- a flight. If we calculate the velocity of this bird 

 on the wing, and that it can and does suspend itself in the air for fourteen 

 or sixteen hours tog-ether in search of food, it cannot fly over a less 

 space than between two and three hundred miles in that time. We have 

 frequently observed upon the downs, swallows follow, and repeatedly fly 

 round with great ease, a horse in full trot, at a rate not less than ten 

 miles an hour, in order to pick up the flies roused from the grass by the 

 motion of his feet. 



It is certain, however, some few are seen in the winter months before 

 Christmas, although they had all disappeared long- before. 



CHIP CHOP.— A name for the Chiff-Chaff. 



CHOUGH (Pyrrliocorax graculus, Temminck.) 



*Pyrrhocorax graculus, Temm. Man. d'Orn. 1. p. 122. — Corvus graculus, Linn. 



Syst. I. p. 158. 18.— Gmel. Syst. 1. p. 377.— Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. p. 165. 41 



Corvus docilis, Gmel. Syst. 3. p. 385. t. 39 Coracias, seu Pyrrhocorax, Raii, 



Syn. p. 40. A. 6 Will. p. 86. t. 19 Briss. 2. p. 3. t. 1 Corvus eremita, 



Gmel. Syst. l.p. 377. — Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. p. 166. 42. — Le Coracias, ou Le 

 Coracias Huppe ou sonneur, Buff. Ois. 3. p. 1. and 9. t. 1. — lb. pi. Enl. 255. 

 — Stein-Krahe, Bechst. Naturg. Deut. 2. p. 1238. — lb. Tasschenb. Deut.p. 91. 



— Meyer, Tasschenb. Deut. 1. p. 101 lb. Vdg. Deut. t. Heft Hermit Crow, 



Lath. Syn. 2. p. 403. 41 — Gesner's Wood Crow, p. 396 Cornish Chough, 



Albin, 2.t. 24.— Will. (Angl.) p. 126. t. 19 Haye's Br. Birds, t. 6 Red- 

 legged Crow, Br. Zool. 1. No. 80. t. 35 Lewin's Br. Birds, 1. 1. 41 Lath. 



Syn. 1. p. 401 Mont. Orn. Diet lb. Supp Pult. Cat. Dorset, p. 6 



Bewick's Br. Birds, 1. p. 80 Shaw's Zool. 7. p. 378 Selby, pi. 33. p. 81. 



Provincial. — Cornish Daw. Cornwall Kae. Killigrew. Chauk-Daw. 

 Market- Jew Crow.* 



This species weig-hs about fourteen ounces ; length near seventeen 

 inches. The bill is long-er and more slender than in any of the genus, a 

 little curved, of a deep orange-red, much resembling red coral, and 

 is remarkably brittle ; irides hazel. 



The plumage is wholly black, glossed with purple ; legs and feet 

 red ; claws black, strong, and much hooked. 



The female differs in not being so large, and in the bill being shorter; 

 the plumage in both sexes is alike. 



This bird with us seems to be chiefly confined to Devonshire, Corn- 

 wall, and Wales, where it is found on most of the bold rocky shores. 

 It has been seen on the cliff's of Dover, supposed to have escaped from 

 confinement, and stocked those rocks. But we believe the breed in 

 those parts is again lost. 



Mr. Pennant observes that it is found in some parts of Scotland, and 

 in the Hebrides. It is seldom seen at any great distance from the sea- 

 coast, where it breeds in the rocks and caverns ; and not unfrequently 

 in ruined towers. A pair of these birds had, for many years, bred in 

 the ruins of Crow Castle, in the vale of Llangollen in Denbighshire ; 



