560 



YELLOW HAMMER. 



tail coverts white ; the sides under the wings barred with dusky ; the 

 smaller coverts of the wings, on the ridge, dusky ; the next inclining 

 to ferruginous ; the larger ones cinereous-brown, light at the tips ; 

 greater quill-feathers black ; shafts white ; the outer webs slightly 

 edged with white half way down ; inner webs white at the base ; the 

 secondary quills dusky from their points, half way ; base white ; those 

 next the body ferruginous, like the scapulars, barred with black ; the 

 rump and upper tail coverts white; the two middle feathers of the 

 tail dusky black ; the rest white half way from the base ; ends black ; 

 legs near four inches long, and black ; the thighs bare of feathers full 

 an inch above the knee. In some, the breast is streaked with black ; 

 others mottled rufous and white ; and the upper tail coverts barred 

 with rufous and brown. 



The specimen from which the above description is taken, was sent to 

 us by some unknown friend : it was killed early in the autumn. It is 

 a rare species in England, not frequently met with ; and, we believe, 

 never in summer. One we saw in Cornwall had the breast and neck 

 of a bright ferruginous. The red-breasted snipe is a variety of this 

 species. A specimen from Mr. Foljambe's museum, shot in May, 1812, 

 and another shot in December, of the same year, on the Yorkshire 

 coast, has the ferruginous margins of the feathers on the back and 

 scapulars very pale, some almost white : the head and neck are paler 

 than described in the former birds ; but what is most interesting in 

 this specimen is, that the ferruginous feathers of the breast are mixed 

 with a few that are white, each having one or two transverse dusky 

 bars ; and upon lifting up the ferruginous feathers on the neck, a few 

 white ones are discernible, with a dusky streak down the middle. 

 This discovery indicates a change of which we were not before aware ; 

 and we now suspect those feathers to be the remains of the plumage of 

 the young, previous to the first moult. 



It is said to be plentiful in some parts of America ; and is found in 

 numbers in the fens about Hudson's Bay, where they breed, and retire 

 southward. 



YELDRIN, and YELDROCK.— Names for the Yellow Hammer. 

 YELLOW BIRD.— A name for the Golden Oriole. 

 YELLOW BUNTING.— A name for the Yellow Hammer. 

 YELLOW HAMMER (Emberiza citrinella, Linnaeus.) 



*Emberiza citrinella, Linn. Syst. 1. p. 309. 5. — Gmel. Syst. 1. p. 870. sp. 5. — 

 Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. p. 400. sp. 7 .—Raii, Syn. p. 93. A. 2.— Will. p. 196. t. 40. 

 — Flem. Br. Anim. p. 77. — PJmberiza flava, Briss. 3. p. 258. 1. — Le Bruant, 



Buff. Ois. 4. p. 342. t. 8.— Ib. pi. Enl. 30. f. 1 Bruant jaune, Temm. Man. 



d'Orn. 1. p. 304.— Goldhammer, Bechst. Naturg. Deut. 3 p. 252.— Meyer, 



