11 
growing perennial plants, may give conditions quite suited to their culture. 
A protected nook on the shady side of the .house is best on small grounds, 
and ferns are congenial neighbors. 
I have had my very best success with this group of lilies on an open 
Northwesterly slope in a deep gravel soil well mixed with rotten leaves. 
Above the beds I carried water which percolated underneath them. • 
These beds at two years old were a sight never to be forgotten. 
DRAINAGE. This must be perfect. If the ground is heavy and* clammy, 
underdrainage should be given, and the soil made lighter and looser by the 
addition of humus and porous materials. 
Soil. This should be a fairly good loam, mixed with humus and sand. 
New manures are always to be avoided with lilies. 
Planting. They should be planted so that the top of the bulbs is not 
less than four inches from the surface, about each bulb put a layer of an 
inch or so of sand, which will carry away excessive moisture and prevent 
fungus attacks. 
Watering. Lilies should not be kept water soaked, but should have 
a moist surface during the growing season. They are better to be kept 
rather dry after they have flowered. 
Never move a lily bulb unless absolutely necessary. 
Mulching. A mulch of leaves or mold is especially desirable. 
Time is necessary to establish such lilies. The first year results are 
porr. If well situated each year shows heavier stalks and finer bloom. 
CULTURE OF GROUP II. 
The second group into which I would divide California lilies as to 
culture comprises all of the so-called Bog Lilies. The Pardalinum and 
Parvum group are so classed. 
These lilies grow naturally along the banks of small living streams, on 
the borders of lakes and ponds, in deep alpine meadows and on the borders of, 
or on raised hummocks in bogs. Their bulbs are not so deep as the others 
and they are more dependent upon surface moisture. The soil in such 
places as I have mentioned is always rich in rotten leaves ana -usually sandy, 
sometimes it is peat or pure humus. Low shrubs or tall plants protect the 
surface from heat, while the tall stalks rise above them into the sunlight. 
Be careful as to the following points. 
First. Drainage. The fact that they like moisture does not mean 
that they like a water soaked soil. Many failures with bog lilies are due to 
this error. Better err in the direction of dryness. If the roots can go down 
to moisture all the better, but don't of all things put the bulb m wet gummy 
soil. 
Soil. A light sandy loam mixed with leaf mold or peat is the best 
possible. 
Situation. My description of the natural habitat will s-ggest the best 
location where large and varied grounds give a choice. On the margin of a 
pond or brook planted a foot or so above the water level, in moist meadow 
like expanses in sheltered places, or damp openings in woods. These are 
ideal locations for all of these lilies. 
In small grounds a hydrant can be so arranged as to give a constant 
drip, the fern corner is good, and the rhododendron bed is perfectly adapted. 
Paradalinum will grow splendidly where good potatoes can be produced if 
the ground is, -a' little shaded. 
