54 



Lees : A n Old Leeds Herbary. 



and Oates's, for many, many years to my knowledge — one of 

 these private grounds being the site of the fine old Clematis 

 clump (equally alien) which overhangs the lane leading from the 

 school to the wood. An old village dame many years ago 

 gravely informed me that the name by which the Barrenwort 

 was known was 'The Happy Medium'! 'because, you see,' 

 said she, ' its flower is neither big nor little, but just the right 

 size,' or some fanciful words to that effect, 



55. Castalia speciosa Salisb. White Water-lily. Leeds 

 Botanical Gardens, 1864. Of course introduced there, and. 

 I never heard of it growing anywhere native nearer Leeds than 

 Bramham ; but the fact of Dr. Heaton deeming it worth while 

 to dry a . specimen from ornamental waters is presumptive 

 evidence that it did not grow in the river Aire (!) or elsewhere. 



56. Papaver somniferum. Opium Poppy. ' Corn-field 

 near Burley ; ex herb. J. D. Heaton.' No date. 



[57. Glaucium luteum. Bardsea. Miss Forrest. Label in 

 lady's hand. Of course this was not the hamlet where Congreve 

 was born, but that on the Lonsdale shore of Morecambe Bay.] 



65. Chelidonium majus. Swallow-wort. Specimens, but 

 no locality given. It springs up here and there still, however, 

 on- banks, especially where there has been recent disturbance of 

 the soil. This has hitherto been reckoned the subspontaneous 

 result of horticulture, but on no convincing evidence — -the occa- 

 sional sufferance of it in cottage garths, for use as an unguent 

 in Tetter, not being sufficient. It might have been brought 

 from the wilds. Moreover the vicinity of villages, their gardens, 

 etc., are just the places where revision of boundaries and turning 

 up of long-undisturbed earth are constantly taking place ; whilst 

 now, I see from Prof. Clement Reid's new work on ' The Origin 

 of the British Flora' (1899, Dulau & Co.) that Chelidonium 

 seeds, as well as those of two other waste-bank species in 

 similar case, viz., Fedia olitoria, the Lamb's Lettuce (not a bad 

 salad and once grown as such) and Galeopsis Tetrahit, the 

 common Hemp Nettle, have been found in the inter-glacial, 

 late-glacial, and neolithic Deposits. As another proof of my 

 Theory of Change and Substitution, I may here say — from the 

 same illuminating book — that the seeds of four other not-now- 

 existing species, an Acer, Trapa, the Polar Willow, the Spruce 

 Fir ; with two forms of Naias, one the graminea said to have 

 got from Egypt into the warm reservoirs of the Manchester 

 cotton-mill area, added by Mr. Charles Bailey to the British 

 Flora a few years back ; have every one of them been identified 



Naturalist, 



