Moss : Changes in the Halifax Flora. 



167 



encroachments of the town and surrounding- villages, many of 

 which are in fact small towns themselves. 



It will be observed that most of these' plants belong to 

 Watson's ' English ' type, which in Halifax are as a rule only 

 found at the comparatively low levels on the east of the town. 

 It is natural that these should be the first to disappear and the 

 greatest sufferers, as the low-lying districts are early built 

 upon, the more elevated districts being occupied later, when 

 at all. 



' 1 Hippuris vulgaris.' Bolton's is the only record ; and the 

 plant is one of the very few aquatic types that have disappeared. 



' 13 Sagina erecta' = Cerastium quaternellum Fenzl. Again 

 the only record. The stations given are quite near the town 

 and are now mostly built upon, thus differing from Salt's 

 Sheffield station. 



'20 Verbascum lyclmitis.' See Lees' remarks in 'Flora of 

 West Yorkshire.' I do not quite understand what Bolton means 

 by ' dry pastures the year after they have been fallow.' 



' 65 Ly thrum salicaria / ' 68 Euphorbia exigua, ' ' 86 Comamm 

 palustre,' '95 Thalictrum fiavum,' '98 Nepeta cataria' ' 106 

 Origanum vulgare/ 1 108 Melissa calamintha,' ' 112 Oroba?iche 

 major' and '131 Genista tinctoria ' are all unknown now. 



' J 37 Ornithopus perpusillus. ' Apparently common about 

 Skircoat until Skircoat Moor was converted into Savile Park. 

 There are scores and scores of specimens in the old, local 

 herbaria ! 



\ 145 Lactuca saligna.' It is usually assumed that Bolton 

 meant L. muralis Fresen. ; though it is quite possible that, in 

 the days of pack horses and pack wagons, L. saligna Linn, 

 should be found growing casually 4 in a lane.' 



' 150 Carduus acaulos ' = Carlina vulgaris Linn., ' 159 Senecio 

 erucifolius ' and ' 161 Inula dysenterica ' seem to be absent 

 now. 



'173 Typha angustifoliaS The only record. Probably intro- 

 duced, like its broad-leaved relative was about lift eon years ago 

 at Rishworth. Three hundred feet is an unusual altitude for 

 the plant, and aquatics seem not to die off, but to increase, in 

 Halifax, as I shall show further on. 



II. This class includes those plants which have disappeared 

 or almost disappeared from the moors and moor-edges, which, 

 chiefly on the north and west, occupy quite half of the whole 

 Halifax parish. Even on the tops of the moors remotest from the 

 town, destructive effects may be noticed due to smoke, largely 

 1900 June 1. 



