Sheppard : Geology of Brough, East Yorkshire. 135 



over, and for the word k difficult ' we must now substitute 

 ' impossible.' 



We next have the Kellaways series, viz., soft sands and a hard 

 sandstone ; this latter being" the rock in this district for fossils. 



The Kellaways Sands, forming the base of the series, come 

 first. They are well exposed in the parish sand-pit at Newbald, 

 and a peculiar Mod iota there occurs in a certain bed, which 

 I have not been successful in finding - elsewhere in the district, 

 thoug'h I have met with it on the coast near Scarborough. 

 Near Sancton Church other beds are exposed, but apparently at 

 a different horizon, as they consist of pure white, soft, 'flaggy' 

 sandstone, with a large quantity of small flakes of light-coloured 

 mica. In the South Cave railway cutting, immediately under- 

 lying the hard Kellaways Rock, similar beds can also be partially 

 examined, thanks to the efforts of the rabbits which burrow to 

 a great extent in these sands. In two or three places the 

 characteristic doggers stand out, Sphinx-like, from the gentle 

 slope of the soft sandstone. These doggers contain fossils, 

 chiefly Belemnttes and GryphcBa, but being- spherical, and ex- 

 ceedingly hard and tough, it is with difficulty that they can be 

 broken. A g"Ood clean section was exposed about five years ago 

 whilst erecting- a tank on the railway embankment. White 

 sands, with ferruginous stains, were then visible. 



Another section in these sands should be mentioned. I first 

 saw it on paying a visit to Broug-h early last summer. It was in 

 a field on the side of the road leading to the summit of Mill 

 Hill. It was a good distance up the hill, being only some 20 or 

 30 feet from the top, which is 100 feet above Ordnance Datum. 



The excavation is made in soft white sand, which is occa- 

 sionally ferruginous, and beds of hard sandstone, varying in 

 thickness from one to three inches, traverse it in the upper part 

 of the section. These beds of sandstone are practically hori- 

 zontal, and contain casts of Belemnites owcnii, Gryphcea bilobata, 

 Trig07iia, and other characteristic Kellaways Rock fossils. In 

 hardly a single instance was a portion of a shell remaining, the 

 whole of the lime having been dissolved away. There is only 

 a thin covering of soil, and this contains numerous pebbles of 

 doubtful origin, and a quantity of broken Roman pottery. The 

 excavated material is sent to Leeds, where it is used by an 

 engineering firm for making moulds for castings. 



On my first visit to the pit I obtained a piece of material 

 which appeared to be entirely composed of oxide of iron ; it 

 was of rather peculiar shape and seemed to be a concretion such 



cgoi May 2. 



