138 Sheppard : Geology of B rough, East Yorkshire. 



another towards South Cave village, and I have a suspicion 

 that very small detached remnants lie in places on the top of 

 Mill Hill, as I have met with huge slabs of the rock in the floor 

 of the gravel pit on its summit. But these latter examples 

 are of little importance compared with the solid bed which 

 stands boldly from the railway cutting, with a perpendicular 

 face eight feet in depth, and dipping towards the east at an 

 angle of about 5 0 . It is a very rough ferruginous sandstone, 

 usually rather hard, but occasionally, where the particles are 

 apparently held together by a strong cement of lime, it is much 

 tougher. The oolitic structure is exhibited in such patches. 

 The bottom layer, i.e., next to the Kellaways Sands, from six to 

 10 inches in thickness, is a veritable oyster bed, being one mass 

 of very fine examples of Ostrea bilobata, usually with both valves 

 in juxtaposition. This extends throughout the whole length of 

 the section. Casts of a great variety of bivalves are also to be 

 found here, and this bottom bed is the usual collecting place for 

 beginners, as the fossils appear to be the most plentiful and can 

 be readily extracted ; but they are only casts. Towards the top 

 of the section Belemnites owenii is very plentiful, and very 

 large specimens can be collected, though it requires a fair 

 amount of patience to extract them whole, as they so readily 

 break in sections. Scattered here and there throughout the 

 rock are numerous fossils of different descriptions. Now and 

 then a mass, consisting of hundreds of specimens of the pretty 

 Rhynchonella socz'alis, is met with, and a little further on a 

 similar nest of a small bivalve, Isocardia minima. These occur 

 in light-coloured calcareous patches, varying in diameter from 

 three or four inches to a foot, and are exceedingly tough, and 

 the fossils are difficult to extract ; but it is in these hard patches 

 that the various species of beautiful Ammonites for which the 

 Kellaways Rock is so noted are to be found. A good sledge 

 hammer is as serviceable as anything for the work (for work it 

 is), and one of these nests is rarely broken without two or 

 three fine Ammonites calloviensis or A. kcenigi ''being disclosed. 



Just on the ledge forming the top of the bed of Kellaways 

 Rock in this cutting are thousands of broken Belemnites, which 

 seem to have been accumulated and buried at the bottom of the 

 Oolitic sea ; several of these have a phosphatised appearance. 

 They are Belemnites owenii, and invariably broken — a whole one 

 rarely occurs ; but the accumulation is so remarkable that it is 

 worth recording. On this horizon, too, are large masses of 

 gypsum in the crystalline form. 



Naturalist, 



