Friend : Some Lakeland Host-Plants and Parasites. 175 



Bulbous Crowfoot (Ranunculus bulbosus L. ). See two fore- 

 going - entries. 



Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris L.) is infested by (1) a 

 Clustercup (yfs. Calthce Grev.), found at Kendal and Pooler 

 Bridge ; and (2) a Brand (Pnccinia Calthce Link), also found 

 at Pooley Bridge and Kendal. I have found the latter in 

 abundance at Lochmaben and Helensburgh. 



Columbine (Aquilegia vulgaris L. ). The Clustercup (sE. 

 Aquilegice Pers.) found at Silverdale. 



Barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) is affected by (1) a Clustercup 

 (yfs. berberidis Pers.) which is of classical notoriety. 

 Though abundant at Ruthwell and Dumfries, north of 

 Lakeland, and equally plentiful further south, I have not 

 yet observed it or heard of its occurrence in the district, 

 though I have examined every plant I have seen. Dr. 

 Carlyle informed me in 1887 that thoug-h he had often 

 examined the barberry in many localities he had never 

 found the parasite which causes the mildew in corn. 

 (2) Blight (Microsphccria berberidis Lev.) found at Por- 

 tinscale and Southwaite. 



Wallflower (Cheiranthus cheiri L. ) is affected by (1) a Mould 

 (Peronospora parasitica Pers.) which is parasitic on (2) the 

 White Rust (Cystopns Candidas Lev.). Found April 1888 

 near Carlisle. 



Bitter Cress (Cardamine hirsuta L.). The seedlings subject 

 to attack from white rust (C. Candidas Lev.). Nurseries at 

 Stanwix, Carlisle. See two following paragraphs. 



Horse Radish (Armoracia rusticana (Rupp.), attacked by 

 white rust, which covered the leaves with very large patches, 

 having- the appearance of drops of dried whitewash or plaster 

 of Paris. In a poultry run, Stanwix, Carlisle. 



Shepherd's Purse (Capsella Bursa-pastoris DC). White rust 

 (C. Candidas Lev.) at Cummersdale, Carlisle, Silloth, 

 Keswick, and many localities not definitely recorded. 



Sweet Violet (Viola odorata L. ). Subject to the same para- 

 sites as the next. In making the records, however, the 

 species of violet has not been carefully recorded, hence 

 the aggregate is given below. 



Dog Violet ( Viola canina L. ). (1) Clustercup {jE. vioice Schum.), 

 at Wetheral, Carlisle, Cockermouth, Deanscales, Eagles- 

 field, Monkhill, Dalston, Kendal, Bowness, and elsewhere. 



k)oi J une 1 . 



