Kew : Lincolnshire Pseudoscorpions. 



201 



The animals do not confine their attentions to Diptera. 

 Certain kinds are found in widely-separated parts of the world 

 in hives and nests of bees ; and Mr. E. T. Wells, writing- trom 

 Cape Colony, has informed us that the creatures, at one time 

 numerous in his hives, were sometimes seen hanging to the leg's 

 of the bees.* Another case concerning Hymenoptera is that of 

 Meng-e, who reports the finding of a fossil Pseudoscorpion in 

 amber attached to the leg of a fossil ichneumon.! We have 

 one note concerning Orthoptera, Dr. Joseph having more than 

 once taken his Chernes cavicola in the Grotto of Corgnale, 

 Austria, hanging to the long-legged cave Locustid Rhaphido- 

 phora cavicola. % The creatures are found also on Coleoptera, 

 but as the association is here of different character we may first 

 mention that they cling also to certain Arachnida, namely, to 

 Phalangiids — the long-legged false-spiders or harvest-men. 

 A note to this effect, by the Rev. W. W. Spicer, is found in 

 one of the early volumes of ' Hardwicke's Science-Gossip ' : 



In the course of a walk lately through a shady lane near Bath, I came 

 suddenly upon three or four harvest spiders {Phalangium opilio). As they 

 scampered away I observed that one of them had a dark object on its right 

 fore leg - , which evidently formed no part of its normal structure. On 

 securing- my long-legged friend, and examining the object with a lens, 

 I found, to my great surprise, that it was a specimen of Chelifer cancroides, 

 which had fixed itself to the leg, and was holding on 'like grim death.' 

 Indeed, so tightly was the little creature attached, that I had some difficulty 

 in making it let go, in order to transfer it to a bottle. 



* E. T. Wells, British Bee Journal, XXVII. (1899), p. 126. The occur- 

 rence of Pseudoscorpions in bee-hives in Europe has been reported in the 

 same journal by Mr. Hamlyn-Harris. In Para, one has been found in 

 numbers in nests of a social, bee, Melipona mutata (Dr. Goldi) ; and it 

 appears that there are Myrmecophilous and Termitophilous kinds. The 

 finding- of Chelifers in ants' nests was long ago noted by Professor Halde- 

 man ; and one has been reported, also from North America, from the nest 

 of Aphcetiogaster firiva (Theo. Pergande). A small kind has been found 

 living with Camponotus cognatus (Cape Colony, Dr. Brauns), and another 

 with Atta discigera (Joinville, J. P. Schmalz). As regards Termites, the 

 creatures have been found with Termes tubicola in Orange River Colony 

 (Dr. Brauns), and with Termes natalertsis in Natal (Dr. Haviland). These 

 facts are from YVasmann, ' Kritisches Verzeichniss der mvrmekophilen urid 

 termitophilen Arthropoden,' 1894, p. 193, and Deutsche entomologische 

 Zeitschrift, 1899, p. 411. I have learned nothing of the behaviour of the 

 Chelifers towards the Melipona, the ants, and the Termites. It appears 

 from the remarks of Mr. Hamlyn-Harris that hive-bees avoid the creatures, 

 apparently on account of their singular deportment and the threatening 

 movements of the pedipalps. 



t A. Meng-e, 1855; quoted by Hagen, iSoS, I.e. 



tCr. Joseph, Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, XXVI. ( [882), p. 

 1901 July 2. 



