Waddington : Yorkshire Naturalists at WykeJuim. 299 



obviously been brought to its present position from the sea- 

 ward. There were distinct traces of bedding, and four or five 

 layers of sand, up to six inches in thickness each, occurred in 

 the face of the quarry. These beds were not continuous, but 

 elongated lenticular patches. Of more particular interest, how- 

 ever, were the boulders of which the gravels are composed. 

 Some examples of the Norwegian Rhomb-porphyry and Por- 

 phyrite from Dalecarlia ; Cheviot Porphyrite (common), Black 

 •Flint, Basalt (scarce), Gneiss, Red Granite, Quartz, Quartzite, 

 Mountain Limestone, Magnesian Limestone (from Roker, in 

 Sunderland), Lias, Oolitic Limestone (scarce), and local Estuarine 

 Sandstone (common). By far the greater part of these were 

 found for the first time in this locality,* and the Scandinavian 

 and Cheviot records are distinctly of importance in dealing- with 

 questions relating- to the direction of the ice movement in 

 Glacial times, etc. Full particulars of these boulders, as well 

 as of others noted on this excursion, have been forwarded for 

 insertion in the next report of the Yorkshire Boulder Committee. 

 These bare records of boulders may at first sight seem in- 

 significant, but it must be remembered that it is upon such 

 ' facts ' as these that all theories respecting- the condition of 

 things in this country during the Glacial period must be based. 



The Crossgates Quarry, on the opposite side of the railway, 

 was next visited. This exhibited sections in the Coralline 

 Oolite, capped by a thin bed of Coral Rag. Some of the beds 

 in this quarry, especially in the lower part, are very massive. 

 Fossils occur here, but owing- to the nature of the matrix they 

 are very difficult to extract. The quarrymen had saved several 

 specimens, how r ever, including" one or two belemnites, some 

 echinoderms, Phasianellce, and a large though poor example of 

 A mmonites Williamson i. 



At Stone Knaggs Quarry is a good exposure in the Coral Rag, 

 this pit being well known for its fine examples of Ostrea gregaria 



* There are previous records of boulders from Searner printed in the 

 early reports of the Yorkshire Boulder Committee, but with few exceptions 

 these are of an indefinite and unimportant character. In the second report 

 ('Naturalist,' November 1888, p. 343) boulders of Red Granite, Mica Schist, 

 Red Schist, and Snap (Granite arc recorded, The Shap Granite isdefinite. In 

 the third report ('Naturalist,' October 1889, p. 296) three boulders of Whin- 

 stone, one of 'Hard Sandstone,' and two of 'Soft Sandstone' are noted. The 

 fifth report ('Naturalist,' June 1892, pp. 162-163), contains particulars of 

 main' dozens of boulders, several of which are not described al all ; others 

 are referred to as 'principally of sandstone,' "different kinds of sandstone,' 

 etc. Such records can be of little value to anyone. 

 1901 October 1. 



