﻿OCCURRENCE 
  OF 
  THE 
  CRINOID 
  GENUS 
  APIOCRTNUS 
  

  

  IN 
  AMERICA 
  

  

  By 
  Frank 
  Springer, 
  

   Associate 
  in 
  Paleontology, 
  United 
  States 
  National 
  Museum 
  

  

  The 
  genus 
  Apiocrmus 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  conspicuous 
  of 
  Mesozoic 
  

   crinoids, 
  hitherto 
  known 
  only 
  from 
  Europe, 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  found 
  as 
  <i 
  

   typical 
  fossil 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  Jurassic 
  (Oolite) 
  of 
  England, 
  France, 
  

   and 
  Switzerland. 
  It 
  was 
  first 
  described 
  and 
  figured 
  by 
  Parkinson 
  1 
  

   under 
  the 
  name 
  " 
  Pear 
  Encrinite," 
  in 
  allusion 
  to 
  the 
  pronounced 
  pear 
  

   shape 
  of 
  the 
  calyx. 
  In 
  1820 
  Schlotheim 
  designated 
  Parkinson's 
  

   species 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  rides 
  of 
  binomial 
  nomenclature 
  as 
  Encrinites 
  

   parkinsoni, 
  nearly 
  all 
  crinoids 
  then 
  being 
  known 
  as 
  Encrinites. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  following 
  year 
  J. 
  S. 
  Miller 
  in 
  his 
  Natural 
  History 
  of 
  the 
  

   Crinoidea, 
  1821, 
  proposed 
  the 
  genus 
  Apiocrinus 
  for 
  the 
  Parkinson 
  

   fossil, 
  to 
  which 
  he 
  gave 
  a 
  new 
  specific 
  name, 
  A. 
  rotundus; 
  this 
  was 
  

   not 
  accepted 
  because 
  clearly 
  a 
  synonym 
  of 
  Schlotheim's 
  species. 
  

   Thus 
  the 
  name 
  became 
  established 
  as 
  Apiocrinus 
  (Apiocrinites) 
  

   parkinsoni 
  (Schlotheim) 
  for 
  the 
  species 
  by 
  which 
  the 
  genus 
  is 
  best 
  

   known 
  in 
  collections, 
  through 
  specimens 
  from 
  the 
  Bradford 
  clay 
  

   of 
  England, 
  and 
  from 
  various 
  localities 
  in 
  England 
  and 
  France. 
  

   The 
  genus 
  is 
  abundant 
  and 
  widely 
  distributed, 
  27 
  species 
  having 
  

   been 
  described, 
  15 
  from 
  France, 
  2 
  from 
  England, 
  and 
  10 
  from 
  

   Switzerland 
  and 
  adjacent 
  regions. 
  The 
  descriptions 
  of 
  most 
  of 
  them 
  

   may 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  works 
  of 
  D'Orbigny, 
  Quenstedt, 
  and 
  De^Loriol. 
  

  

  Apiocrinus 
  is 
  the 
  type 
  of 
  a 
  very 
  distinct 
  family 
  which 
  has 
  con- 
  

   tinued 
  from 
  the 
  Jurassic 
  to 
  the 
  present 
  time; 
  and 
  the 
  genus 
  itself, 
  

   in 
  its 
  typical 
  forms, 
  is 
  strongly 
  differentiated 
  from 
  its 
  fellows 
  by 
  

   the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  stem, 
  which 
  is 
  round 
  and 
  without 
  cirri, 
  is 
  in 
  its 
  

   upper 
  part 
  greatly 
  expanded 
  into 
  a 
  proximal 
  conical 
  enlargement 
  

   continuous 
  with 
  the 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  calyx, 
  so 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  line 
  of 
  

   demarcation 
  between 
  them. 
  Its 
  characters 
  in 
  detail 
  are 
  well 
  shown 
  

   in 
  the 
  figures 
  of 
  A. 
  parkinsoni 
  in 
  Zittel-Eastman's 
  Text-book 
  of 
  

  

  1 
  Organic 
  Remains 
  of 
  a 
  Former 
  World, 
  1808. 
  vol. 
  1, 
  p. 
  208, 
  pi. 
  16, 
  figs. 
  1-8, 
  from 
  

   Bradford, 
  near 
  Batli, 
  England. 
  

  

  No. 
  2590. 
  — 
  Proceedings 
  U. 
  S. 
  National 
  Museum, 
  Vol. 
  67, 
  Art. 
  i8. 
  

  

  21513—25 
  1 
  

  

  