﻿12 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM 
  vol.67 
  

  

  Order 
  SPHENISCIFORMES 
  

  

  The 
  penguins 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  known 
  have 
  a 
  characteristic 
  tongue. 
  It 
  

   is 
  rather 
  long 
  and 
  pointed 
  and 
  the 
  surface 
  is 
  entirely 
  covered 
  with 
  

   large 
  stiff 
  conical 
  retroverted 
  spines. 
  

  

  Order 
  PROCELLARIIFORMES 
  

  

  In 
  this 
  group 
  there 
  is 
  considerable 
  variation. 
  On 
  the 
  whole 
  it 
  

   tends 
  to 
  be 
  rather 
  small 
  in 
  comparison 
  to 
  the 
  bill 
  and 
  gape. 
  In 
  

   Bulweria 
  bulweri 
  it 
  is 
  very 
  small, 
  approaching 
  rudimentary, 
  

   while 
  in 
  Macronectes 
  and 
  Prion 
  it 
  is 
  larger 
  and 
  more 
  nearly 
  matches 
  

   the 
  bill 
  in 
  size. 
  In 
  some 
  genera 
  it 
  is 
  well 
  armed 
  with 
  spines, 
  not 
  

   only 
  posteriorly 
  but 
  along 
  the 
  sides 
  almost 
  to 
  the 
  tip. 
  Thus 
  Ful- 
  

   marus 
  glacialis 
  glupischa 
  (fig. 
  25), 
  Pterodroma 
  hypoleuca, 
  and 
  

   Puffinus 
  cuneatus 
  have 
  lateral 
  spines 
  for 
  the 
  posterior 
  third, 
  while 
  

   Bulweria 
  bulweri 
  extends 
  this 
  to 
  one-half 
  and 
  Puffinus 
  griseus 
  (fig. 
  

   8) 
  and 
  Prioftnus 
  cinereus 
  are 
  supplied 
  the 
  whole 
  length 
  of 
  the 
  

   tongue. 
  This 
  characteristic 
  does 
  not 
  hold 
  good 
  for 
  the 
  entire 
  

   family 
  Procellariidae, 
  however, 
  since 
  lateral 
  spines 
  are 
  lacking 
  in 
  

   Halobaena 
  coerulea 
  and 
  Prion 
  desolatus. 
  In 
  the 
  former 
  one 
  

   finds 
  a 
  rather 
  small, 
  cylindrical, 
  fleshy 
  tongue 
  armed 
  with 
  a 
  single 
  

   row 
  of 
  very 
  weak 
  spines 
  and 
  tapering 
  to 
  an 
  unsplit 
  tip. 
  The 
  latter 
  

   has 
  lost 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  posterior 
  row, 
  so 
  that 
  this 
  edge 
  is 
  often 
  a 
  smooth, 
  

   rounded 
  margin. 
  Occasionally 
  one 
  finds 
  a 
  few 
  inconspicuous 
  spines 
  

   buried 
  in 
  tissue, 
  the 
  value 
  of 
  which 
  must 
  be 
  negligible. 
  

  

  The 
  Hydrobatidae 
  have 
  very 
  small 
  tongues. 
  Oceanites 
  oceanicus 
  

   and 
  O. 
  gracilis 
  possess 
  small 
  fleshy 
  cylinders 
  with 
  a 
  weak 
  row 
  

   of 
  spines. 
  

  

  Order 
  CICONIIFORMES 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  a 
  rather 
  unwieldy 
  group 
  with 
  tongues 
  that 
  vary 
  from 
  

   minute 
  rudimentary 
  structures 
  to 
  the 
  large 
  fleshy 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  

   flamingoes. 
  

  

  The 
  Steganopodes 
  are 
  characterized 
  without 
  exception, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  

   is 
  known, 
  by 
  rudimentary 
  tongues. 
  In 
  Phalacrocorax, 
  Sula, 
  Pele- 
  

   canus, 
  and 
  Anhinga 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  mere 
  toothpick 
  of 
  flesh. 
  Anhinga 
  anhinga 
  

   (fig. 
  20) 
  has 
  a 
  curious 
  little 
  tonguelike 
  eminence 
  on 
  the 
  dorsum 
  of 
  

   the 
  cylindrical 
  rudiment. 
  Phalacrocora-x 
  has 
  a 
  tongue 
  composed 
  of 
  

   two 
  plates 
  of 
  cornified 
  tissue 
  meeting 
  in 
  the 
  midline 
  and 
  sloping 
  

   sharply 
  like 
  a 
  steep 
  roof. 
  Fregata 
  minor 
  presents 
  a 
  small 
  triangular 
  

   structure 
  which 
  has 
  not 
  as 
  yet 
  lost 
  all 
  form 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  

   which 
  posteriorly 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  abortive 
  spines. 
  

  

  The 
  Ardeidae 
  have 
  a 
  most 
  characteristic 
  organ 
  already 
  described, 
  

   the 
  most 
  outstanding 
  feature 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  the 
  soft 
  fleshy 
  posterior 
  

  

  