﻿26 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM 
  vol.67 
  

  

  biana 
  (fig. 
  132), 
  and 
  Pica 
  nuttalli 
  (fig. 
  1'29). 
  The 
  entire 
  appearance 
  

   is 
  very 
  characteristic. 
  

  

  The 
  tongues 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  Sturnidae 
  are 
  of 
  the 
  standard 
  pattern 
  

   as 
  exemplified 
  by 
  Scissirostrum 
  dubium 
  (fig. 
  131), 
  while 
  Lmnproco- 
  

   rax 
  chalybea 
  and 
  L. 
  metallicus 
  are 
  very 
  similar. 
  

  

  The 
  tongues 
  of 
  the 
  next 
  six 
  families 
  are 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  elaborate 
  

   and 
  marvelous 
  throughout 
  the 
  Class 
  of 
  Birds. 
  

  

  The 
  Dicaeidae 
  have 
  small 
  tongues 
  that 
  are 
  flat 
  posteriorly 
  but 
  at 
  

   about 
  the 
  middle 
  become 
  abruptly 
  narrower 
  and 
  begin 
  to 
  curl 
  into 
  

   a 
  semitube 
  which 
  is 
  deeply 
  cleft 
  at 
  the 
  tip, 
  the 
  margins 
  of 
  which 
  

   are 
  smooth, 
  forming 
  two 
  slender 
  semitubular 
  tips. 
  This 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  

   Dioaeum 
  cruentatum, 
  D. 
  sarigumolentum, 
  D. 
  fiam??ieum, 
  and 
  D. 
  cele- 
  

   bkum. 
  In 
  Acmonorhynchus 
  aureolimbaius 
  the 
  same 
  holds 
  true 
  ex- 
  

   cept 
  that 
  the 
  edges 
  of 
  each 
  tube 
  show 
  a 
  slight 
  notching, 
  with 
  an 
  at- 
  

   tempt 
  at 
  the 
  production 
  of 
  four 
  tips, 
  while 
  in 
  Prionochilus 
  these 
  

   notches 
  have 
  deepened 
  to 
  actual 
  splitting 
  with 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  

   four 
  semitubular 
  fringeless 
  projections. 
  

  

  The 
  tongue 
  of 
  Dicaeum 
  trigonostlgma 
  as 
  figured 
  by 
  Gadow 
  12 
  

   -hows 
  a 
  complete 
  tubular 
  arrangement 
  by 
  overlapping 
  of 
  the 
  up- 
  

   curled 
  edges, 
  which 
  are 
  not 
  frayed. 
  The 
  tip 
  is 
  deeply 
  bifurcated, 
  

   forming 
  two 
  equal 
  tubes, 
  and 
  the 
  tip 
  of 
  each 
  one 
  of 
  these 
  again 
  is 
  

   cleft, 
  forming 
  a 
  quadruple 
  tongue. 
  

  

  The 
  Zosteropidae. 
  — 
  As 
  to 
  this 
  family 
  some 
  are 
  simple 
  in 
  struc- 
  

   ture, 
  being 
  rather 
  flat 
  with 
  only 
  a 
  slight 
  tendency 
  to 
  curling, 
  

   while 
  the 
  tip 
  is 
  deeply 
  slit. 
  Gadow 
  13 
  finds 
  this 
  true 
  of 
  Z. 
  simplex. 
  

   Z. 
  atrifrons 
  (fig. 
  135) 
  shows 
  some 
  fraying 
  of 
  the 
  margins, 
  which 
  

   is 
  true 
  also 
  of 
  Z. 
  sarasinorum. 
  This 
  may 
  be 
  carried 
  to 
  the 
  point 
  

   where, 
  with 
  curling 
  added 
  to 
  the 
  process, 
  elaborate 
  curled 
  split 
  and 
  

   fimbriated 
  tongues 
  are 
  found 
  as 
  described 
  of 
  Z. 
  simplex 
  and 
  Z. 
  

   juponica 
  by 
  Beddard. 
  11 
  

  

  The 
  Nectariniidae. 
  — 
  In 
  this 
  family 
  curling 
  is 
  the 
  outstanding 
  

   feature, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  anterior 
  one-half 
  to 
  two-thirds 
  is 
  a 
  completely 
  

   lolled 
  tube 
  the 
  upcurled 
  margins 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  overlapped 
  and 
  are 
  

   not 
  fringed 
  or 
  frayed. 
  In 
  some 
  species 
  there 
  is 
  some 
  forking 
  at 
  the 
  

   tip 
  to 
  form 
  two 
  tubular 
  projections. 
  

  

  Arachnechthra 
  asiatica 
  has 
  a 
  very 
  long 
  tube 
  for 
  the 
  anterior 
  two- 
  

   thirds, 
  without 
  splitting 
  or 
  fraying. 
  Arachnothera, 
  species 
  ( 
  '?) 
  has 
  a 
  

   very 
  long 
  tube 
  slightly 
  frayed 
  at 
  the 
  tip. 
  Ginnyris 
  {Cyrtostomus) 
  

   pectoralis 
  and 
  G. 
  jugularis 
  woodi 
  have 
  slender 
  tubes, 
  both 
  somewhat 
  

   forked 
  at 
  the 
  tip. 
  Hermotimia, 
  species 
  (?) 
  (fig. 
  141) 
  shows 
  the 
  same 
  

   arrangement. 
  

  

  3 
  Gadow, 
  II. 
  Structure 
  of 
  Certain 
  Hawaiian 
  Birds. 
  The 
  Birds 
  of 
  the 
  Sandwich 
  

   Islands, 
  Wilson 
  and 
  Evans, 
  London, 
  1890-99, 
  pp. 
  219-241. 
  

   Gadow, 
  H. 
  L'roc. 
  Zool. 
  Soc, 
  London, 
  1883, 
  p. 
  G3. 
  

   " 
  Beddard, 
  F. 
  E. 
  Ibis, 
  .ser. 
  6, 
  No. 
  3, 
  1891, 
  pp. 
  510-512. 
  

  

  