﻿28 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM 
  vol. 
  67 
  

  

  organ, 
  is 
  formed 
  exactly 
  like 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  Drepanididae." 
  The 
  

   tongue 
  of 
  Hcmignathus 
  olivaeeus 
  is 
  "short 
  and 
  less 
  tubular, 
  being 
  

   intermediate 
  in 
  structure 
  and 
  appearance 
  between 
  those 
  of 
  Hhn- 
  

   atione 
  and 
  Yestiaria. 
  

  

  Psittirostra 
  psittacea 
  (fig. 
  140) 
  has 
  a 
  flat, 
  fleshy 
  tongue 
  in 
  which 
  

   the 
  long, 
  horny 
  curled 
  portion 
  is 
  absent. 
  The 
  tip 
  is 
  blunt 
  and 
  not 
  

   frayed. 
  The 
  appearance 
  is 
  almost 
  exactly 
  as 
  if 
  the 
  tubular 
  portion 
  

   of 
  the 
  tongue 
  of 
  Hemignathus 
  procems 
  had 
  been 
  cut 
  away 
  leaving 
  

   the 
  basal 
  uncurled 
  portion. 
  

  

  An 
  entirely 
  different 
  arrangement 
  is 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  finchlike 
  Tele- 
  

   spy 
  za 
  cantans, 
  however 
  (fig. 
  136). 
  Here 
  the 
  entire 
  tongue 
  is 
  thick 
  

   and 
  fleshy, 
  much 
  as 
  in 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  finches 
  (compare 
  Passerculus 
  

   rostratus, 
  fig. 
  137), 
  with 
  an 
  uprolling 
  of 
  the 
  thick 
  margins 
  to 
  form 
  

   a 
  fleshy 
  rolled 
  tubular 
  tongue 
  not 
  at 
  all 
  the 
  same 
  in 
  appearance 
  or 
  

   arrangement 
  as 
  the 
  tubular 
  tongues 
  of 
  the 
  foregoing 
  forms, 
  made 
  

   up, 
  as 
  they 
  are, 
  by 
  a 
  prolongation 
  and 
  curling 
  of 
  the 
  natural 
  thin 
  

   horny 
  tip 
  of 
  the 
  standard 
  tongue. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  apparent, 
  therefore, 
  that 
  in 
  this 
  family 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  wide 
  range 
  

   in 
  tongue 
  forms, 
  from 
  which 
  no 
  reliable 
  evidence 
  as 
  to 
  relationship 
  

   is 
  to 
  be 
  drawn, 
  as 
  is 
  evidenced 
  by 
  the 
  error 
  made 
  by 
  Doctor 
  Gadow 
  

   in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  Loxioides. 
  

  

  The 
  Coerebidae 
  have 
  tongues 
  that 
  are 
  curled, 
  split, 
  and 
  frayed, 
  

   but 
  not 
  all 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  degree, 
  and 
  a 
  fine 
  series 
  of 
  modifications 
  

   can 
  be 
  traced 
  through 
  this 
  family. 
  Thus 
  in 
  Glossoptila 
  (Eimeorvis) 
  

   campestris 
  the 
  tongue 
  is 
  practically 
  flat 
  in 
  the 
  posterior 
  two-thirds. 
  

   The 
  anterior 
  third 
  shows 
  a 
  moderate 
  upcurling 
  of 
  the 
  lateral 
  mar- 
  

   gins, 
  with 
  delicate 
  fraying 
  into 
  a 
  fringe 
  that 
  rolls 
  inward 
  but 
  does 
  

   not 
  meet 
  the 
  opposite 
  side. 
  The 
  tip 
  is 
  bifid, 
  thus 
  converting 
  this 
  

   portion 
  into 
  two 
  very 
  imperfect 
  semitubular 
  fringed 
  projections. 
  

   Oyanerpes 
  cyanea 
  (fig. 
  138) 
  has 
  the 
  anterior 
  one-half 
  curled 
  in 
  much 
  

   the 
  same 
  manner, 
  while 
  the 
  tip 
  may 
  or 
  may 
  not 
  be 
  bifurcated. 
  

  

  Cyanerpes 
  lucidus 
  shows 
  very 
  little 
  fraying 
  of 
  the 
  margins 
  of 
  

   the 
  tube, 
  while 
  C. 
  caeruleus 
  is 
  deeply 
  cleft 
  and 
  frayed. 
  In 
  Chloro- 
  

   phanes 
  spisa 
  (fig. 
  4) 
  the 
  tube 
  is 
  becoming 
  more 
  perfect 
  by 
  a 
  close 
  

   approximation 
  of 
  the 
  upcurled 
  edges. 
  Finally 
  in 
  Goereba 
  bana- 
  

   nivora 
  (fig. 
  5) 
  the 
  edges 
  completely 
  overlap, 
  forming 
  a 
  true 
  tube 
  

   which 
  by 
  splitting 
  becomes 
  double 
  tubes, 
  the 
  curling 
  margins 
  of 
  

   which 
  are 
  much 
  frayed. 
  This 
  same 
  appearance 
  is 
  seen 
  in 
  Coereba 
  

   portoricensis 
  and 
  Diglossa 
  plumbea, 
  the 
  latter 
  of 
  which 
  shows 
  a 
  

   surprisingly 
  long 
  tongue 
  in 
  comparison 
  to 
  the 
  short 
  bill. 
  

  

  The 
  Meliphagidae 
  have 
  elongate 
  quadruple 
  tongues. 
  The 
  curled 
  

   tongue 
  first 
  splits 
  into 
  a 
  right 
  and 
  loft 
  half 
  with 
  marked 
  fraying 
  

   of 
  the 
  edges, 
  forming 
  two 
  fringed 
  tubes, 
  and 
  these 
  are 
  again 
  

   deeply 
  split 
  and 
  frayed, 
  so 
  that 
  four 
  elaborately 
  frayed 
  brushy 
  tips 
  

   are 
  formed. 
  The 
  whole 
  organ 
  is 
  as 
  long 
  or 
  longer 
  than 
  the 
  bill. 
  

  

  