﻿30 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OE 
  THE 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM 
  vol.67 
  

  

  166), 
  Helmitherus 
  vermivorus 
  (fig. 
  169), 
  Icteria 
  virens 
  (fig. 
  168), 
  

   and 
  Oreothlypis 
  guttura 
  lis 
  (fig. 
  167). 
  

  

  Family 
  Tanagridae. 
  — 
  In 
  some 
  of 
  this 
  group 
  the 
  tongue 
  is 
  flat 
  and 
  

   thin, 
  as 
  in 
  Tachyphonus 
  (fig. 
  170) 
  and 
  in 
  Tanngra 
  ( 
  Euphonia) 
  

   violacea 
  (fig. 
  171). 
  In 
  others 
  it 
  is 
  fleshy, 
  as 
  in 
  Thraupis 
  darwini 
  

   (fig. 
  172), 
  Stephanophorus 
  leucocephalus 
  (fig. 
  173), 
  and 
  Rampho- 
  

   celus 
  brasilius 
  (fig. 
  174), 
  while 
  in 
  the 
  very 
  large 
  billed 
  Pitylus 
  

   grossus 
  (fig. 
  175) 
  the 
  tongue 
  is 
  cylindrical 
  and 
  fleshy 
  while 
  the 
  

   anterior 
  half 
  is 
  hollowed 
  out 
  and 
  scoop-shaped, 
  very 
  suggestive 
  of 
  

   some 
  of 
  the 
  finches. 
  Phaenicophilus 
  poliocephalus 
  has 
  a 
  longer 
  

   tongue 
  (fig. 
  177), 
  which 
  is 
  considerably 
  frayed 
  at 
  the 
  tip. 
  

  

  The 
  Ploceidae 
  have 
  a 
  structure 
  very 
  similar 
  to 
  the 
  finches, 
  with 
  a 
  

   cylindrical 
  fleshy 
  tongue 
  having 
  a 
  depression 
  anteriorly 
  to 
  form 
  

   a 
  scoop. 
  This 
  is 
  illustrated 
  by 
  Munia 
  punctulata 
  (fig. 
  178). 
  The 
  

   horny 
  under 
  surface 
  is 
  often 
  folded 
  over 
  the 
  dorsum 
  to 
  form 
  a 
  

   grooved 
  tongue 
  as 
  in 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  finches 
  and 
  as 
  is 
  illustrated 
  by 
  

   Steganura 
  paradisea 
  (fig. 
  179). 
  This 
  is 
  seen 
  also 
  in 
  Ploceus 
  megar- 
  

   hynchus, 
  P. 
  bengalensis, 
  and 
  a 
  species 
  of 
  Foudla 
  from 
  St. 
  Helena 
  

   Island. 
  

  

  The 
  Icteridae, 
  as 
  typified 
  by 
  Icterus 
  cucullatus 
  nelsoni 
  (fig. 
  180), 
  

   and 
  Icterus 
  icterus 
  (fig. 
  3), 
  have 
  upcurled 
  frayed 
  margins 
  to 
  the 
  

   tongue 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  deeply 
  split 
  to 
  form 
  double 
  frayed 
  semitubu- 
  

   lar 
  tips. 
  This 
  is 
  found 
  also 
  in 
  /. 
  parisorum, 
  I. 
  wagleri, 
  I. 
  bullocki, 
  

   I. 
  mesomslas, 
  and 
  /. 
  north 
  ropL 
  all 
  of 
  which 
  have 
  tongues 
  very 
  sug- 
  

   gestive 
  of 
  the 
  Coerebidae 
  with 
  less 
  advanced 
  degrees 
  of 
  curling. 
  

  

  The 
  blackbirds, 
  as 
  exemplified 
  by 
  Molothrus 
  atronitens 
  (fig. 
  181 
  ) 
  7 
  

   have 
  upcurled 
  margins 
  without 
  fraying, 
  forming 
  a 
  guttered 
  organ 
  

   with 
  the 
  tip 
  somewhat 
  whipped 
  out. 
  This 
  is 
  seen 
  in 
  Agelaius 
  

   phoeniceus, 
  A. 
  tricolor, 
  Molothrus 
  ater, 
  and 
  Dolichonyx 
  orysivorus. 
  

   Gymnostinops 
  montezumae 
  has 
  little 
  curling; 
  the 
  tip 
  is 
  bifurcated 
  

   and 
  frayed, 
  while 
  Megaquiscalus 
  major 
  macrourus 
  has 
  a 
  bifid 
  

   curled 
  and 
  much 
  frayed 
  organ, 
  much 
  like 
  Icterus. 
  Pseudoleistes 
  

   (fig. 
  182) 
  has 
  a 
  thin 
  tongue 
  somewhat 
  curled 
  and 
  whipped 
  out 
  at 
  

   the 
  tip. 
  

  

  The 
  Fringillidae 
  have 
  cylindrical 
  fleshy 
  tongues, 
  which 
  show 
  

   much 
  variation. 
  Ordinarily 
  the 
  horny 
  under 
  surface 
  projects 
  beyond 
  

   the 
  tip, 
  and 
  this 
  is 
  often 
  frayed 
  and 
  somewhat 
  curled 
  so 
  that 
  a 
  small 
  

   scoop-shaped 
  end 
  is 
  formed. 
  This 
  same 
  horny 
  under 
  surface 
  invests 
  

   the 
  lateral 
  margins 
  of 
  the 
  tongue 
  and 
  often 
  curls 
  over 
  the 
  dorsal 
  sur- 
  

   face 
  as 
  indicated 
  in 
  Loxia 
  leucoptera 
  (fig. 
  185). 
  The 
  tongue 
  may 
  

   have 
  long 
  posterior 
  branches 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  odd 
  form 
  assumed 
  by 
  Passer 
  

   domesticus 
  (fig. 
  183), 
  or, 
  as 
  is 
  usually 
  the 
  case, 
  they 
  are 
  closely 
  com- 
  

   pressed 
  to 
  the 
  basihyal 
  portion. 
  It 
  may 
  have 
  simply 
  a 
  flat 
  surface, 
  

   as 
  indicated 
  in 
  Oberholseria 
  chlorura 
  (fig. 
  186), 
  or 
  there 
  may 
  be 
  a 
  

   deep 
  groove 
  formed 
  as 
  in 
  Zamelodia 
  melanocephida 
  (fig. 
  191). 
  In 
  

  

  