﻿2 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM 
  vol. 
  67 
  

  

  here 
  concern 
  us, 
  for 
  any 
  resulting 
  asymmetry 
  will 
  be 
  purely 
  me- 
  

   chanical, 
  affecting 
  only 
  the 
  immediate 
  portion 
  injured, 
  and 
  probably 
  

   having 
  no 
  appreciable 
  effect 
  whatever 
  upon 
  other 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  

   skull. 
  That 
  this 
  premise 
  is 
  founded 
  on 
  fact 
  is 
  shown 
  by 
  a 
  skull 
  of 
  

   TJrsus 
  eltonclarJci 
  (No. 
  232382, 
  Biological 
  Survey 
  collection) 
  from 
  

   Chichagof 
  Island, 
  Alaska. 
  This 
  is 
  of 
  an 
  adult 
  whose 
  entire 
  right 
  

   coronoid 
  process 
  is 
  missing. 
  The 
  bone 
  healed 
  well, 
  proving 
  that 
  the 
  

   injury 
  antedated 
  the 
  death 
  of 
  the 
  animal 
  by 
  a 
  considerable 
  period. 
  

   Had 
  this 
  happened 
  during 
  the 
  youth 
  of 
  the 
  animal, 
  the 
  practical 
  de- 
  

   struction 
  of 
  function 
  of 
  the 
  right 
  temporal 
  muscle 
  would 
  have 
  re- 
  

   sulted 
  in 
  profound 
  cranial 
  changes, 
  but 
  there 
  is 
  now 
  not 
  the 
  slightest 
  

   asymmetry. 
  

  

  Attention 
  should 
  here 
  be 
  called 
  to 
  the 
  study 
  by 
  Hollister 
  1 
  of 
  

   the 
  skulls 
  of 
  captive 
  lions. 
  In 
  this 
  it 
  is 
  argued 
  that 
  certain 
  condi- 
  

   tions 
  — 
  notably 
  massiveness 
  — 
  to 
  be 
  met 
  with 
  in 
  the 
  skulls 
  of 
  lions 
  

   raised 
  in 
  captivity 
  are 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  myological 
  stimuli, 
  the 
  muscles 
  

   being 
  effected 
  by 
  conditions 
  brought 
  to 
  bear 
  during 
  captivity. 
  If 
  

   this 
  be 
  the 
  case, 
  then 
  the 
  criteria 
  usually 
  employed 
  for 
  judging 
  the 
  

   strength 
  of 
  a 
  skull 
  and 
  its 
  musculature 
  must 
  be 
  altered. 
  A 
  thorough 
  

   examination 
  of 
  Hollister's 
  material 
  2 
  by 
  the 
  present 
  writer, 
  however, 
  

   has 
  produced 
  new 
  evidence 
  and 
  led 
  him 
  to 
  the 
  conclusion 
  that 
  the 
  

   conditions 
  obtaining 
  in 
  the 
  skulls 
  of 
  these 
  captives 
  are 
  pathological 
  

   rather 
  than 
  myological. 
  

  

  Published 
  references 
  to 
  asymmetrical 
  skulls 
  of 
  mammals 
  other 
  

   than 
  man 
  include 
  an 
  experiment 
  conducted 
  by 
  Anthony, 
  3 
  in 
  the 
  

   course 
  of 
  which 
  he 
  cut 
  the 
  left 
  temporal 
  muscle 
  of 
  a 
  puppy 
  upon 
  the 
  

   day 
  of 
  its 
  birth. 
  The 
  dog, 
  killed 
  by 
  accident 
  when 
  something 
  less 
  

   than 
  one 
  year 
  old, 
  showed 
  marked 
  atrophy 
  of 
  one 
  temporal 
  muscle, 
  

   even 
  in 
  life; 
  but 
  the 
  only 
  really 
  definite 
  asymmetry 
  to 
  be 
  noted 
  in 
  

   the 
  skull 
  is 
  the 
  absence 
  upon 
  the 
  left 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  ridge 
  which 
  normally 
  

   marks 
  the 
  medial 
  boundary 
  of 
  the 
  origin 
  of 
  the 
  temporal 
  muscle. 
  

   The 
  left, 
  or 
  "abnormal," 
  zygomatic 
  arch, 
  as 
  compared 
  to 
  the 
  right, 
  

   is 
  less 
  than 
  1 
  mm. 
  deeper, 
  less 
  than 
  3 
  closer 
  to 
  the 
  cranium, 
  and 
  is 
  

   practically 
  the 
  same 
  in 
  length. 
  The 
  latter 
  points 
  are 
  of 
  interest 
  as 
  

   showing 
  the 
  trend 
  of 
  the 
  abnormal 
  side, 
  but 
  the 
  differences 
  are 
  too 
  

   slight 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  much 
  significance 
  in 
  the 
  present 
  study. 
  

  

  The 
  same 
  investigator, 
  as 
  senior 
  author, 
  4 
  experimented 
  upon 
  two 
  

   more 
  dogs 
  at 
  a 
  later 
  date, 
  with 
  results 
  that 
  duplicated 
  his 
  first 
  

   efforts. 
  

  

  i 
  Hollister, 
  N., 
  Some 
  effects 
  of 
  environment 
  and 
  habit 
  on 
  captive 
  lions, 
  Proc. 
  U. 
  S. 
  Nat. 
  Mus., 
  vol. 
  53, 
  

   1917, 
  pp. 
  177-103. 
  

  

  J 
  Howell, 
  A. 
  B., 
  Pathologic 
  skulls 
  of 
  captive 
  lions, 
  Journ. 
  Mamm., 
  vol. 
  6, 
  1925, 
  pp. 
  163-168. 
  

  

  3 
  Anthony, 
  M. 
  R., 
  Introduction 
  a 
  l'etude 
  expfirimentalo 
  de 
  la 
  morphogenie, 
  Bull, 
  et 
  Mems. 
  Soc. 
  Anthr. 
  

   Paris, 
  1903, 
  no. 
  2, 
  pp. 
  119-145. 
  

  

  * 
  Anthony, 
  M. 
  R., 
  et 
  Pietkiewicz, 
  W. 
  B., 
  Nouvelles 
  experiences 
  sur 
  le 
  role 
  du 
  muscle 
  crotophyte 
  dans 
  

   la 
  constitution 
  morphologique 
  du 
  crane 
  de 
  la 
  face, 
  Compt. 
  Rend. 
  Acad. 
  Sci., 
  vol. 
  149, 
  1009, 
  p. 
  870. 
  

  

  