302 



THE GEOLOGIST. 



consists of new red-sandstone, covered with clay, gravel, &c.; 

 the general course being the N.E. to the S.W., and the dip 

 at an angle of 15° to S.E. The strata are underlaid in 

 many instances by conglomerate, and the upper portions are 

 generally variegated, and more or less of a marly or slaty 

 texture. Various marine plants, and one especially, closely 

 resembling Laminaria Saccharina (kelp) are found in it in 

 the shape of casts. The lower beds contain numerous 

 charred remains of land plants, and from their resemblance 

 to the Sandstones of the coal formation, seemed to indicate 

 the existence of coal; which, however, remains undeter- 

 mined. Trap dikes, also occur near St.-Andrews. 



The general fertility of the soil in this locality is also 

 mentioned and accurate statements given of the situations of 

 the marl beds to which it is mainly attributable, as also of 

 those abounding in peroxide of iron. 



Syenite occurs at St.-Stephens, a little further to the 

 west, alternating with Greywacke; a stratum of graphite 

 also occurs, and a medicinal spring, in which sulphuretted 

 hydrogen and sulphate of lime predominate. The character 

 of the islands in Passamaquoddy Bay is precisely similar, 

 the original formations having evidently been the limestone 

 and older members of the sandstone group, wdiich have been 

 much disturbed by the intrusion of innumerable trap dykes, 

 basaltic veins, and greenstone. 



Proceeding in a north-easterly direction, and following the 

 line of the coast, trap and greenstone occupy the shore al- 

 most exclusively, and thence extend in a northerly direction 

 until replaced by syenite and granite. In many places a 

 slaty texture is observed, and from the abundance of vege- 

 table remains and corallines contained, it is clear that the 

 intrusion, of the former rocks has had a very material 

 influence upon the former geological constituents of the dis- 

 trict. Mr. Gesner discovered veins of copper ore in amor- 



