188 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
artesian springs^ their origin and explanation. I would 
therefore introduce them as an example of the benefit which 
might be derived by the course which I am about to con- 
sider. They are^ from their simple construction^ among 
the best exemplifications of the triumph of modern science^ 
which^ although of less seeming importance than the works 
of ages now long past^ which for magnitude or contrivance 
are yet without parallel, are the greater proofs of man^s 
superior mind and abihties. Nor need we trace the rise of 
this power from so remote a period — geology was yet in its 
infancy at the close of last century, and the treasured stores 
were yet unsealed. How rapid then must we regard the 
achievement of such important objects, if they are the 
offspring of man^s observation of nature during the short 
period which has since elapsed. By boring on given prin- 
ciples we can now obtain a supply of water, which in former 
times would have of necessity entailed expensive operations, 
and this without any subsequent application of labour. 
Having thus adduced one proof in support of our argument, 
we will proceed to the question at once, and will endeavour 
to demonstrate in what manner a system of drainage might 
be devised which should answer all the purposes of agricul- 
ture in its adaptation and economy. We will take a review 
of the geological construction of this country subsequently, 
in order to show the feasibility of the plan, and the general 
apph cation of the rule. 
There are tAVO circumstances to be considered in drainage, 
the one absolutely dependent upon the other. 
I. The rise and fall of the ground. 
IL The collection and distribution of surface waters. 
To these we might add a third ; only for the sake of sim- 
