BRITISH ASSOCIATION. 
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any permanent elevation or depression of the landj the tracts so 
affected will generally have the shape of elongated parallel belts 
as exemplified in the UUah Bund in the Delta of the Indus^ the 
elevation of the coast of Chili^ and the local arching of the sur- 
face across the bed of a river in Chilli, mentioned by Darwin. 
Referring to their memoirs on the Appalachian chain, the authors 
contend that the structure of those mountains (and, by analogy, 
those of other countries) implies the operation of far greater and 
more sudden forces than the gentle secular changes observed in 
modern times ; and they consider it impossible to avoid the con- 
clusion, that all the more extensive revolutions of the earth's 
crust have involved, to a greater or less extent, the agency of 
vast earthquake waves. To the action of these waves, in differ- 
ent geological epochs, they attribute the formation of the vast 
masses of conglomerate and detrital deposits distributed in the 
various groups of strata; also the transport of the great north- 
ern drift, and the polished and furrowed surfaces of rocks both 
in Europe and New England. 
Major S. Clerke begged to mention a fact which had come 
under his own observation. Having witnessed the great erup- 
tion of Mount Vesuvius in 1822, it occured to him to ascertain 
whether any reciprocity existed between that volcano and the 
small crater of the Solfatara, near Pozzuoli, distant about ten 
miles, in a line across the Bay of Naples. On proceeding to the 
latter place he was informed by the Custode, an intelligent man, 
that since Vesuvius had been in activity, the Solfatara had sub- 
sided. Major Gierke, on a personal examination of the aperture 
forming the vent of the Solfatara, found this to be the fact, the 
usual eruption and loud noise having ceased. When Vesuvius 
relapsed into quiet, the Solfatara resumed its activity. 
An Account of the late Earthquake at the Islands of Antigua 
and Guadaloupe, on the ^th of February j 1843, by the Hon. Capt. 
Carnegie, M. P. 
The earthquake is described by the author of the communica- 
z2 
