WATSOX THE HEMATITE DEPOSITS OP GLAMORGANSHIRE. 255 



working on the vein. The pits were usually sunk down some twenty- 

 five yards on the " dip," and low headings were then driven out ou 

 the course " or strike " of the vein, the headings terminating in 

 " stalls," which are " chambers " turned at right angles to the 



pitching " of the deposit which it follows down. The diagram, how- 

 ever, will afford a clearer idea of this plan of working than any 

 written description. It is difficult to assign any reason for the small 

 size of the pits and the lowness of the headings," seeing that such 

 arrangements must have offered great impediments to the bringing 

 out of the ore from the mine, unless it were that the rude nature of 

 the tools, and slow progress thereby caused in working through the 

 rock, rendered it more economical to confine all the means of access 

 to the smallest possible dimensions. 



In the commencement of this article I have referred to the 

 rediscovery of these iron-ore deposits, since, apart from the evidence 

 of the ancient workings, Leland in his "Itinerary" says, "There are 

 two faire parkes by south of Llantrissant now unimpalid and without 

 deere. There is yren now made in one of these parkes, named 

 ' Glinog.' " The mine at Cornel Park, worked by Mr. Vaughan, is 

 probably the mine referred to by Leland. The proof of the former 

 mining-associations of the locality extends also to the names of places. 

 Thus, near Mr. Vaughan's mine is Mwyudy, or the Miner's House ; 

 and at Lleche, near Llanharry, is a building called Castell y Mwynwrs, 

 or the Miner's Castle, and is situate near, I believe, the largest deposit 

 proved by Mr. Plant in the Llanharry district. 



The deposit at Newton, as I have already stated, is remarkable for 

 having, intercalated with the htematite, a bed of manganese -ore, or 

 black haematite. The vein was first discovered at Guar Coch, where 

 it has been worked to a limited extent, and where the diagrammatic 

 section delineated in Plate XI . can now be seen. 



We have presented there : — 



(c) . Gravel --. 



(6). Conglomerate ... 6 feet.* 

 {d'). Haematite .... 1 foot. 



(e). Manganese .... 4 feet. 



(d) . Haematite .... 3 feet, 

 (a). Limestone .... . 



* The section is pui-posely exaggerated to better show the details — the real 

 thickness of the several beds is mentioned in the text. 



