PROCEEDINGS OF GEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES. 



115 



elongated tubercles on the surface of tlie casts. The larger spines do not, how- 

 ever, appear to have been quite so close together as in the preceding species. 

 Therefore, although P. fimhricitiis possesses much similarity in character to 

 P. punctatus ; it may be easily distinguished by the elongated oval shape of 

 its valves. P. fimbnatiis is found at Hill Head, in Lanarkshire, at three 

 hundred and seventy-one fathoms below the " Ell coal ;" also at Middleholm, 

 near Lesmahago. In Stii'lingshii-e, in the Campsie main-limestone. In Ayr- 

 shire, at West Broadstone, Beith; Meadowfoot, near Drunclog ; Cessnock, 

 parish of Galston. It has also been found in the Lothians and in Fife- 

 shire. 



(To he continued.) 



PROCEEDINGS OF GEOLOQICAL SOCIETIES. 



Geological Society of London, January 4, 1860. — Prof. J. Phillips, 

 President, in the Chair. 



" On the Plora of the Silurian, Devonian, and Lower Carboniferous Porma- 

 tions." By Prof. H. R. Goeppert, Por. Mem. G.S. 



The number of aU the fossil plants which the author has described as belong- 

 ing to these formations (chiefly from Germany) amounts to one hundi-ed and 

 eighty-four species : Algee, thii'ty species ; Calaminese, twenty ; Asterophylliteee, 

 4 ; Pilices, sixty-four ; Selagineae, thirty-nine ; Cladoxylese, four ; Noeggera- 

 thiee, eight ; Sigillarise, six ; Coniferse, six ; Pruits (uncertain), three. Prof. 

 Goeppert has seen only Algse from the Silurian Bocks. Sigillaria Hausmamii 

 is one of the most interesting of the Lower Devonian plants mentioned ; and 

 Sagenaria Weltheimiana, of the Middle Devonian. The Upper Devonian has 

 several terrestrial plants. Of the Lower Carboniferous Plora, the following are 

 the most important and characteristic plants : — Calamites transitionis, C. Roe- 

 meri, and Sagenaria Weltlieimiana. The last name supersedes Knorria imbri- 

 cata. 



"On the Preshwater Deposits of Bessarabia, Moldavia, Wallachia, and Bul- 

 garia." By Capt. T. Spratt, B.N., C.B., P.B.S., P.G.S. 



Capt. Spratt first referred to the many isolated patches of freshwater deposits 

 in the Grecian Archipelago and in the neighbouring countries, also around the 

 Black Sea, to which others have alluded or which have been described by him- 

 seK as evidences of the existence of a great freshwater lake, probably of middle 

 tertiary age. 



On the borders of the Yalpuk Lake, in Southern Bessarabia, are sections ex- 

 hibiting old lacustrine deposits containing similar fossils to those found else- 

 where by Capt. Spratt in the strata referred by him to the extensive oriental 

 lake of the middle tertiary period. Among these fossils are freshwater cockles ; 

 such as are associated with Breissina polpnorpha in the strata at the Darda- 

 nelles and elsewhere. After some search Capt. Spratt found similar cockles 

 Kving in the Yalpuk lake ; and from this evidence, and from the relatively dif- 

 ferent levels of the old lacustrine deposits and the present Black Sea, he satis- 

 fied liimseK of the really freshwater condition of the old tertiary lake ; the 

 Black Sea area having been separated from the old lacustrine area of Bessara- 



