NOTES AND QUEEIES. 



149 



light upon the connection between the lignites of Diii'nten and the contempo- 

 rarv deposits of other countries. 



The learned English palaeontologist, ^Yllile exploring the caverns of Glamor- 

 ganshire, discovered numerous remains of a rhinoceros, distinct from the H. 

 leptorhinus of the NorAvich Crag, and the R. tkhorlunus of the glacial deposits. 

 The rhinoceros which Dr. Falconer names U. heinifcechus, on account of the 

 half separation of the nostril, which is its characteristic feature, is associated 

 with the Elephas antiqi'Ks in the Glamorganshire caverns. It is also met \dih. 

 at Grays Thurrock, and other places in the newer pKocene deposits of the 

 Thames Valley. There it is always associated with the Elephas antiquus and 

 the HippojK'famv.s major ; while in the more ancient beds near jS^orwich the 

 E. meridioiiaUs and the R. leptorhinus are always found together. 



In the museum at Pisa are to be found the remains of the R. lejitorhi/w.s and 

 R. hemitffichus. All the molars of elephants preserved there belong to the 

 E. nieridionalis, with one doubtful exception, whicli belongs, perhaps, to the 

 E. antiquus. The elephant foimd in the caverns of Palermo is the E. antiquHs, 

 associated there with the Hippopotamus major and H. Peutla/idi, a smaller 

 species, not yet found on the Italian continent. 



Such are the results of Dr. Palconer's researches. It is easy to judge of 

 their importance, if what M. Strozzi and myself worked out in tlie Ya'l d'Arno 

 be recollected. There we found an exotic flora associated with R. hemitceckus, 

 E. a/itiquus, R. leptor/iinus, and E. meridionalis. At Dilrnten, on the coutrarv, 

 we have an existing flora associated with the E. aydiquus, and, they say, 

 R. Uptorliinus. This was incomprehensible until Dr. Falconer had given the 

 clue to the solution of the diificulty. He attributes R. hemitccchus and E. anti- 

 quus to the newer pliocene, and R. Icptorhinus and E. mcridioindis to the 

 pliocene properly so called. Prom tliis it appears probable that the bones of 

 the Yal d'Ai-no, which have been brought together at very different epochs, 

 from unknoTVTi deposits, belong to different formations. R. leptorhinus and 

 E. meridionalis are found in the Pansino, with an exotic flora \Glijptostrohus 

 Europmis, cinnamonuni, &c.) ; while R. liemitaclius, and perhaps the doubtful 

 molar in the museum of Pisa, might come from the upper yellow sands. It is 

 probable that an existing flora wiU be found associated with these bones. 

 Note also that the Rhinoceros of Diirnten, wliich is supposed to be R. lepto- 

 rhinus, is m a bad state of preservation, and prol^ably belongs to R. liemita:c]ius. 

 Thus the connection between the flora and fauna of both sides the Alps is re- 

 established. R. hemitoechus, E. antiquus, Glamorganshire ; P. hemitcechus, 

 E. antiquus, H. major. Gray's ThuiTock ; P.. leptorhinus, E. meridionalis, Nor- 

 wich. At Pisa both these Pthinoceroses and their accompanying Elephants 

 and Hippopotami are found. At Palermo the more recent E. antiquus and 

 H. major only are found. 



On the Re-occurhence of Eossil Species at YAHiors Stuatal 

 Horizons. — Mr. Mark Norman, of Yentnor, has favoui'cd us with some notes 

 on the Lower Greeusaud and Wealden strata of Brixton and Chale Pays, Isle 

 of Wight. After enumerating some of the repeated occurrences of certain 

 species in the lower greensand, as stated in Dr. Eitton's elaborate table* of the 

 lower greensand fossils, he points out some facts wliich he has personally ob- 

 served ; and he expresses a hope that some geologists who may have time 

 and means at command wiU be induced to carry on still further the researches 

 so weU conducted by Dr. Eitton for twenty years and more, and thus add to 

 our knowledge of the relations of fossil species, and then' distribution in time 

 and space, especially as regards the "recurrence" of species, a subject of much 

 interest and not without its difhculties. 



* Quai't. Joixrnal, Geol. Soc, vol. iii., p. 289, &c. 



