vii 



LIST OF WOODCUTS. 



FIG, 



1. 



2. 



3. 



4. 



5. 



6. 



7. 



8. 



9. 

 10. 

 11. 

 12. 

 13. 

 14. 

 15. 

 16. 

 17. 

 18. 

 19. 

 20. 

 21. 

 22. 

 23. 

 24. 

 25. 



26. 

 27. 

 28. 

 29. 

 30. 

 31. 



32. 

 33. 



34. 

 35. 

 36. 

 37. 



39. 

 40. 



41. 

 42. 



43. 

 44. 



PAGE. 



Chalk Chffs capped by Basalt 4 

 Junction of Basalt and Chalk 5 

 Irregularly Deposited Basalt 6 

 View of Giant's Causeway. . 7 



The " Organ" 8 



Chffs South of Portnoffer . . 10 



The Whin Dyke 10 



Coast of Giant's Causeway . 11 

 Grouping of Basaltic Colnmns 13 

 Interior of Athyiis ambigua 15 

 Interior of Sph-ifera striata . 15 

 Bhynchonella psittacea . . 23 

 Interiors of Camaroplioria . . 25 

 Fi'agment of Shckensides . . 39 

 Eastwear Bay, Folkestone . 41 

 The " Wan-en," at Folkestone 43 

 Section at Waterford Haven . 72 

 Ammonites Lautus ... 81 

 Ammonites varicosus ... 82 

 Ammonites tuberculatus . . 82 

 Ammonites auritus .... 83 

 RosteUaria Parkiusonii . . 83 

 Hamites rotundus .... 84 

 Ammonites interruptus. . . 85 

 Fragment of Dicotyledonous 



Wood bored by Toredo . . 86 

 Copt Point, Folkestone . . 87 

 Ammonites mammilaris . . 88 

 Interior of Productusgiganteus 106 

 Belemnites Listeri . . . .121 

 Solarium ornatum .... 124 

 West Cliff, Folkestone, with 



capping of Mammaliferous 



Driit 125 



Sandgate, Kent 126 



Kentish Eag and Wealden 



Beds 127 



" JiU's Pipe," Lympne . . . 128 

 Shrinkage Joints in Trap . . 142 

 Nodule fi'om Tynet .... 145 

 Disjointed Nodule in Old Red 



Sandstone 146 



Fruit from Bolton . . . .198 

 Sman Fruit fromBolton . . 198 

 MaiD of the Denudation of the 



Weald 203 



Crania Ignabergensis . . . 222 

 Animal of Discina . . . .225 



Lingula anatina 228 



Cai'boniferous System of the 



Lothians 239 



FIG. PAGE. 



45. Vertical Yeins of Limestone 



in Red Shale, at Templemore 272 



46. Explanatory View of Sea-bed 



forming the Strata at Tem- 

 plemore 273 



47. Bone of Bos primigenius . . 281 



48. Chalk Downs, near Folkestone 282 



49. "Bidl-dog" Steps, Folkestone 283 



50. Section, showing Sandpipes . 294 



51. Pipes in Magnesian Limestone 296 



52. Tubular Sandpipes .... 297 



53. Ammonites Bouchardianus . 321 



54. Inoceramus sulcatus . . 322 



55. Inoceramus concentricus . . 322 



56. Nucula pectinata . . . . 322 



57. Nucula ovata 322 



58. Nucula bivirgata 323 



59. Nucula ornatissima .... 323 



60. Plicatula pectenoides . . .323 



61. Ostx-ea Rauhniana . . • . 323 



62. Lima paraUela Gault . . . 324 



63. Area carinata 324 



64. Tui-riteUa vibrayeana . . . 324 



65. Scalaria Clementina .... 325 



66. Cast of Scalaria Dupiniana . 325 



67. Acteon vibrayeana .... 326 



68. RingineUa Clementina . . . 326 



69. Natica gaultina 326 



70. Solarium dentatum .... 327 



71. Solarium conoideum .... 372 



72. Dentalium decussatum. . . 327 



73. BelleroiDhina vibrayeana . . 327 



74. Ammonites subradiatus, with 



the Operculum in Situ 



75. Obhque Sandpipes . , 



76. Decomposed Limestone 



rounding a Sandpipe . 



77. Pipe in Rubble . . . 



78. Hinder Portion of Pterygotus 337 



79. Ideal Section explanatory of 



the Drift and "Kentish Crag" 



80. Phcated Strata, North Stafford- 



shire 



81. Contorted Beds of alternating 



Limestone and Shale. . . 



82. Ideal Section of Lunestone 



Strata in Nortli Staffordshire 363 



83. Mode of Deposition of Ore, 



North Staffordshire . . .365 



84. Sandstone Hammer . . . 386 



85. Sandstone Hammer. . . . 386 



328 

 329 



330 

 331 



340 



358 



360 



