114 



THE GEOLOGIST. 



tion of Otago was 7,500, and a fortnightly escort brought to Dunedin 

 upwards of 30,000 oz. of gold, giving to each digger an average of at 

 least 1 oz. per week. Up to 31st March, 1862, the total export of gold 

 from New Zealand was :— from Otago, 359,639 oz. = £1,393,600 ; Nelson, 

 46,591 oz. =£180,541 ; Auckland, 354 oz. =£1,372 : total, 406,584 oz. == 

 £1,575,513 value. With regard to gold-mining, Dr. Lindsay considers it 

 destined to become one of the regular, permanent industrial resources of 

 Otago ; and he looks upon the supply of gold as at present unlimited, and 

 considers all mechanico-chemical contrivances at present known as inade- 

 quate to the exhaustion of its auriferous deposits. 



II. A series of lignites or brown coals. These were divided into, first, 

 those of Cainozoic age, contained in the lower or older auriferous drift, and 

 probably co- extensive therewith, and showing the abundance of the depo- 

 sits, and their general distribution over the province. Other specimens dis- 

 played the transition stages from wood to coal, and illustrated the general 

 resemblance, on the one hand, to the " Surturbrand " of Iceland, and the 

 brown coal of Germany [Bonn, etc.] — Cainozoic lignites ; and, on the other, 

 to the " coals " of Mesozoic and Palaeozoic ages. There were also some 

 selected for comparison with the older and newer Cainozoic lignites of the 

 Province of Auckland [Drury, Hunua, St. G-eorge's Bay, Auckland, etc.], 

 and with the Palaeozoic [Carboniferous] and Mesozoic [Cretaceous and Ju- 

 rassic] coals of the province of Nelson. The second series of specimens were 

 the so-called " coals " of Fairfield, Saddlehill, Tokomairiro, Clutha, etc. ; 

 sold at a market-price in Dunedin of £2 per ton. Appended to the speci- 

 mens were the results of chemical analyses. Of the associated strata, the 

 specimens exhibited were — quartz-conglomerate [" cement "] and sand- 

 stones, building-stones, clays, fire- and potter's clays, kaolins, ochres, 

 laterite, shales and limestones, partly fossiliferous [Dicotyledonous leaves, 

 etc.] ; and of included minerals — iron-pyrites, alum, etc. 



III. A series of fossiliferous limestones and associated strata, instituting 

 a comparison with similar strata mother parts of New Zealand, at present 

 supposed to be — 1. Cainozoic, representatives of Eocene [Bognor beds, 

 etc.], beds, etc. ; Mesozoic, Cretaceous and Greensand, representatives 

 of Maestricht and Faxo beds, etc. ; Jurassic, containing Plesiosaurus aus- 

 tralis, etc. ; Triassic [equivalents of the Muschelkalk.] — 3. Palaeozoic, 

 Permian and Carboniferous. 



IV. Moa-bone deposits, organic remains mostly of dinornis, partly of 

 palapteryx, etc. ; age partly recent, partly Cainozoic, from the TTaikouaiti 

 bed, etc. 



V. Kauri-gum deposits, indicative of former prevalence of Kauri forests 

 over great part of Otago, mostly in Cainozoic strata [auriferous drift, etc.], 

 Waitahuna, Tokomairiro, basin of the Clutha, etc. 



VI. Volcanic [Trappean] rocks, mostly Cainozoic, with a general re- 

 semblance of those of Dunedin to those of Edinburgh. Basalts, columnar, 

 spheroidal, granular, schistose [clinkstone and Lydian stone]. Contained 

 minerals, zeolites, olivine, augite, etc. Tuffs, amygdaloidal, slaggy or 

 scoriaceous ; comparison of latter form with the scoria of the extinct cra- 

 ters of Auckland. Contents : Sulphur and sulphur muds, steatites, litho- 

 marge^, ochres, and umbers (used as pigments) ; siliceous and other pseudo- 

 morphs ; schorl, nepbaline, and other minerals ; porphyries and amygda- 

 loids [basalt and claystone, etc.], trachytes, etc. 



VII. Illustrations of the parallelism between the Kjokkenmoddings of 

 Denmark, and the refuse-heaps of former Maori pahs and villages. 

 Shell-mounds, edible and existing species of Cardium, Ostrea, Mytilus, 

 Patella, Venn*, Haliotis, etc., Maori ovens and baking-stones, ashes and 



