THE GEOLOGIST. 



teeth., mostly Labyrinthodont, and some probably Dicynodont, from the 

 (Triassic ?) red clay of Maledi, in which teeth of Ceratodus occur ; and 

 (2) several teeth similar to one from the Eocene clays of Takli, near 

 Nagpore, and another like a conical tooth from the Eocene beds (with 

 Pliysa Prinsepii) of Physura, from the same neighbourhood as that in 

 which the set JSfo. 1 was found. At Phisdura (Tertiary) large reptilian 

 hones (including a femur 1 foot across at the condyles, and a vertebral cen- 

 trum seven inches across) have been found associated with large coprolites, 

 Pliysa Prinsepii, and Paludina Deccanensis. Mr. Hislop stated his 

 belief that the Mangali beds, the Kordihad shales, and the red-clay of 

 Maledi, should be placed above the plant-bearing beds of Nagpore, instead 

 of below them, as heretofore supposed. 



January 6, 1864. — 1. "On the recent Geological Changes in Somerset, 

 and their date relatively to the Existence of Man, and of certain of the 

 Extinct Mammalia." By Gr. S. Poole, Esq.. 



In describing the general physical features of the district treated of, 

 vhich lies between Clevedon and Taunton, the author noticed especially 

 the embankments which protect the land from periodical inundations, 

 stating his belief that they were constructed by the Romans ; he also de- 

 scribed the " turbaries " or peat-moors, endeavouring to explain their mode 

 of formation, and noticing their relation to the alluvium and the sand-banks 

 of the district. Mr. Poole then endeavoured to prove that the area uuder 

 consideration had been subject to considerable changes of level in com- 

 paratively recent geological times, and that man existed in the district 

 prior, and some of the extinct mammalia subsequently, to the last of such 

 changes, — asserting, in support of the last conclusion, that the remains of 

 Elephas primigenius, Rhinoceros tichorinus, etc., had been found in a 

 stratum above that containing the bones of man and pieces of pottery ; and 

 he concluded by examining the evidence of the extent and date of the last 

 subsidence. 



2. ''On the Structure of the Bed Crag in Suffolk and Essex." By 

 Searles V. Wood, jun., Esq. Communicated by Searles V.Wood, Esq., F.G-.S. 



By reference to a tabulated description of about fifty sections taken 

 from various parts of the lied Crag area, the author showed that the de- 

 posit is structurally divisible into five stages, of which the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 

 and 4th (counting upwards) were not deposited under water; but from 

 their being regularly laminated, at angles varying between 25° and 35°, 

 and possessing (with the exception of the 2nd) an unvarying direction in 

 every stage, he regards them as the result of a process of " beaching up," 

 by which was formed a reef extending from the river Aide on the north, 

 to the southern extremity of the deposit in Essex. Of these four stages, 

 the 4th is the most constant and important, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd being 

 frequently either concealed by, or destroyed during the formation of the 

 succeding stages. At Walton-on-Naze alone do any of the four lower 

 stages contain evidence of being a subaqueous deposit ; there the 1st stage 

 is so, but it is covered by two reef stages, and these again by the 5th stage. 



The 5th stage is invariably horizontal, and contains evidence of having 

 been formed under water. This stage is developed in such a way as to 

 show thai it was formed in channels eroded in the older reef, and it is at 

 its base that the coproiite workings occur. This stage also passes up at 

 Chillesford into the sands and gravels, termed by the author the Lower 

 Drift, which underlie the boulder clay ; at other places a line of erosion 

 exists between the 5th stage and the drift-sands. 



Jan. 20.— 1. "Observations on supposed Glacial Drift in the Labrador 

 Peninsula, Western Canada, and on the South Branch of the Saskatche- 

 wan." By Professor H. Y. Hind, Toronto. 



