Europe : — a popular Physical Sketch. 189 



larly found in the north : England, Scandinavia, Hungary, 

 and Saxony. 



The mean temperature of the north of Europe appears to 

 be between 27.5°* Fahr. (the supposed mean temperature on 

 the north coast of Russia), and 56.7°, (Dax and Bordeaux) ; 

 that of the south of Europe between 54.5° (Milan) and 68° 

 (supposed mean temperature of the south coast of Sicily.) 

 If coasts and plains solely be taken into consideration, the 

 difference in the mean temperature is greater in the north ; 

 but the low mean temperature of the north appears also on 

 the lofty mountains of the south ; thus for instance, the mean 

 temperature of St. Gothard is from observations 29.8°, and 

 from a probable calculation 28.63° on the summits of Etna 

 and the loftiest peak of the Apennines, and 5° on the top 

 of Montblanc, whereas the highest summits of the northern 

 mountains scarcely have a lower mean temperature than 14°. 



Owing to the extensive inland plains, a greater difference 

 in the climate of the eastern and western extremities exists 

 in the north of Europe, than in the south, which is in im- 

 mediate contact with the sea. 



The coasts of the Atlantic and its islands possess the 

 mildest climate, whereas in the south of Europe the coasts 

 of the Atlantic have a climate less mild than the corres- 

 ponding part of the Mediterranean between Spain and Italy. 



The climatic difference between the north and south of 

 Europe consists much more in the winter than in the sum- 

 mer temperature, which will appear by the following compa- 

 \ rison : — 



Winter. Summer. 



Palermo, 52'2°* 74'° 



Vienna, S2'° 68'° 



Copenhagen, 30*9° 63.5° 



Stockholm, 25.° ... 61*2° 



* The temperatures were given according to Reaumur's scale; we are responsible 

 throughout for their reduction to Fahrenheit.— Editor Calcutta Journal Na- 

 tural History. 



2 C 



