Europe : — a popular Physical Sketch. 201 



the east European plain between 62° and 48° north latitude, 

 the north European plain, and Denmark, mostly plains. 



3. — Second intermediate Zone. Zone of the chestnut and 

 oak. Zone of the vine* Forests of leaf-trees, principally 

 chestnut, oak and beech. (Pines on the mountains ;) grain, 

 particularly wheat, also maize and vine. All the plains and 

 valleys between and on the central European mountains, and 

 the east European plain south of 48°. 



^.—Southern Zone, Evergreen Zone. Olive Zone. Ever- 

 greens, wheat, maize, rice, vine, olives, southern fruits. In 

 the southern part, oranges. The three south-European pe- 

 ninsulas. To these four zones, situated north and south of 

 each other, correspond tolerably well those mentioned under 

 the head of Italy, forming four principal zones of altitude ; 

 viz. — 1. The evergreen zone, or the olive zone. 2. Chestnut 

 and oak, or vine zone. S. Beech and grain zone. 4. Moun- 

 tain plant zone, or the uncultivated zone. The zone of 

 fir and birch is missing, but it exists as a regular zone on 

 the Alps. 



From the chief occupations of the nations, the following 

 geographical divisions might be established : — 



Fishery, chiefly in the northern part of Scandinavia, Ice- 

 land, the Far-islands, north of Scotland. 



Breeding of sheep, particularly on the Spanish table-land 5 

 the mountains and plains of Greece, Puglia, Iceland, and 

 the Far-islands. 



Breeding of horned cattle in the western part of the 

 north-European plain, the British Isles, and on the Alps. 



Cutting of wood on the Scandinavian peninsula, the north- 

 ern part of the east-European plain, the eastern part of the 

 north-European plain, on the Alps, and the central European 

 mountains. 



Cultivation of grain on the extensive east- European, and 

 the north- European plain. 



Cultivation of the vine in the south-European peninsulas 



