26 



THE GEOLOGIST. 



specimens collected at "Redhill, in Surrey, and presented by Mr. C. Roach 

 Smith to the Society of Antiquaries of London. These give sufficient illus- 

 tration of this class of articles, whether of fossil, Celtic, or modern date. Flake- 

 saws are met with in graves ; but we are not aware that any of these have been 

 found in any really geological formation. 



The arrow-heads (figs. 32 to 36) can scarcely be said to belong to the class 

 of flake •instruments, although formed of fragments of flints, as they have been 

 always more or less, and sometimes elaborately, chipped and trimmed into the 



required shapes. The specimens figured are from specimens brought from 

 Canada, by Dr. G. D. Gibb, F.G.S., of London, and a notice by him of this 

 class of objects is printed in the "Notes and Queries," page 422, of vol. hi. 



Fig. 37 is a specimen of this class of objects made 

 of smoky quartz, from Peru. Such chipped arrow- 

 heads are found in India also, and sometimes these are 

 of "blood-stone." In other parts they are made of 

 obsidian and other volcanic and hard rocks, and their 

 distribution is very general. There is nothing, how- 

 ever, positively known as +o then being of geological 

 age, although it seems probable that many of them 

 Pig. 37. —Arrow-head of are } especially the American and Canadian specimens, 

 Smoky Quartz, from Peru, which may belong to the very remote age of the 



££e^^?3&Hm3 f eat mammalia - . Theil ' dates of manufacture are, 

 c. Rickman, Esq. however, very various, and some of them are un- 



doubtedly of comparatively modern workmanship. 

 We now turn to another subject — the indications we have of the human 

 workmanship of the veritable fossil implements which have been found with 

 the bones of extinct mammals. First, then, there are two or three leading 

 facts which seem to attribute these implements to a same and primitive people, 

 namely, the extensive geographical area over which they are found; their 

 general resemblance to each other, whether of the large or small kinds ; or 

 from whatever country, whether England, Prance, Sicily, Denmark, the French 

 African possessions, Lithuania, Poland, and, as far as we know also, Canada 

 and America, There is also the apparent identity of the methods employed in 

 working them to their required forms, and which is so remarkable as almost to 

 convince us of, at least, (he identity of origin and community of the probably 

 wandering tribes by which they were made and used. The first and most 

 powerful argument of their human manufacture is the unmistakeablc evidence 

 of design. They arc evidently — a first glance satisfies us of this — instruments 

 adapted to specific purposes. "No living being designs or makes anything as a 

 means to accomplish an end or purpose but man. No other being exhibits 

 forethought in manufacture; none whatever. No other being uses a cutting 

 or piercing instrument ; none. They seize, tear, gore, with their claws, beaks, 



