106 



THE GEOLOGIST. 



P. Ludensis ranges up into the Upper Ludlow shales, in which it 

 was found as far back as 1852 by Dr. Harley, of King's College. I 

 have not heard of other Cephalaspids being found in Upper Ludlow 

 rock, but in the Downton sandstone they reappear, and are abundant 

 in the neutral ground lying between that rock and the tilestones, 

 and still keep the company of Euryptera and Pterygoti. The Down- 

 ton sandstone is well displayed near Kington ; where in a quarry near 

 Bradnor Hill, two forms of Pteraspis were discovered by Mr. Richard 

 Banks. These are described and figured by him in the Greol. Soc. 

 Journ., vol. xii., p. 93. 



The noted railway-section near the Ludlow station is in the zone 

 of these passage-shales, and has been most indefatigably worked by 

 Messrs. Lightbody and Marston. Other exposures of these fish- 

 bearing shales occur, though all are not equally prolific. The earliest 

 true Cephalaspis comes to us from the lowest layer of the passage- 

 bed. Auclienaspis, an allied genus was first found in the Ludlow ex- 

 posure of the shales, but lately our best specimens have come from 

 a south-east extension of the bed, cut through by the railway near 

 Ledbury. An interesting memoir of this exposure will be found in 

 the Greol. Soc. Journ., vol. xvi., pp. 193-7. Its author, the Rev. 

 W. S. Symonds, proves the existing relationship between the Ludlow 

 and Ledbury deposits ; and notes the discovery of Pteraspis in red 

 and mottled marls and sandstones (passage-rocks), lying above 

 Downton sandstones at the tunnel-mouth ; and of abundance of 

 Auchenaspis (which may be described as a small Cephalaspis with a 

 neck-collar, or plate filling up the space behind the eyes, and between 

 the cornuted prolongations of the shield), in the top layers of the 

 transition beds, answering in stratigraphical position to those on the 

 Ludlow railway. The upper tilestones are the next repositories of 

 Cephalaspids with which I am acquainted. 



Many good specimens of Pteraspides came out of this rock when 

 it was quarried at Trimpley, near Kidderminster, and two heads of 

 Ceplialas'pis Murchisoni (?) were met with by me ; but when I saw 

 the locality last, some very fine potato-plants were making good use 

 of their time just over the hole which had given me good fossils, 

 and two cottages near-Land owned the quarry as a garden ; so no 

 more Pteraspides at Trimpley. But one notable exposure is left to 

 us at Whitbatch, three miles north-east of Ludlow — a classical spot 

 as having given the late Dr. Lloyd the first Pteraspis buckler, which 

 still retains its name of P. Lloyclii. The relationship between these 

 tilestones and the overlying hard cornstone rock, pore enough in 

 this neighbourhood to be burnt for lime, is plainly to be seen m the 

 quarries in the Downton drive, and a more instructive walk cannot 

 be taken than that leading through the Whitbatch woods to Hayton, 

 Sutton, and Bouldon. Indeed, it is to this ground that I wish to 

 direct the special attention of travelling geologists, for I cannot think 

 it has had full justice done to its merits. Pteraspis is not uncommon 

 in fragments among the tilestones in the great quarry on the west 

 Bide of the drive to the Hall— by the way, there is a band of corn- 



