120 



THE GEOLOGIST 



any sign of violence or alteration, except such as we should expect from their 

 having formed the walls of a dyke of molten matter. The strata are never either 

 " twisted" or " contorted," as most would understand the terms, and certainly 

 not, near Dibble Bridge and Westerdale, as Mr. Bewick has described. The 

 seam at Fryup End, which we find there spoken of as the Lias _ seams which 

 have been opened out and show a thickness of ten feet, is in reality the oolitic 

 seam of the Inferior Oolite immediately below the great sandstone rock, as 

 may be seen in the narrow defile of Crunkley. The Lias beds are, at this par- 

 ticular point, two hundred feet below the surface ; the seam opened out is 

 analogous to the great Rosedale iron-rock, which is sufficiently explained in 

 the article to which we have above referred. 



Mr. Bewick's plan of colouring green the strata covered by grass, etc., is an 

 unscientific mode of overcoming a trifling difficulty; a short glance would 

 have shown him, for example, that the village of Castleton rests on the Inferior 

 Oolite. The granitic boulders are, in all probability, from Shap Fells, in 

 Westmoreland, and not from Devonshire, as that author suggests. As a proof 

 of Mr. Bewick's great enthusiasm, we may give his laborious calculations of 

 the aggregate tonnage of iron-ore to be extracted from the whole of Cleveland; 

 the figures are — for they are worth recording — 4,820,000,000 tons ; which, he 

 adds, will suffice for treble the number of all the furnaces in Great Britain 

 until A.D. 2,540 ! What will be done in January, 2,541, Mr. Bewick does 

 not add. Such a calculation, however, although taken literally as a mere idle 

 curiosity, will serve to express a practically unlimited supply, whilst we have 

 no doubt but the higher seams will ere then be better known and more used. 

 The Staiths' fishermen profess to know to a dozen the number of herrings on 

 their coast, and we must class Mr. Bewick's calculations with theirs, as pat- 

 terns of exactitude. 



The map of Cleveland which accompanies the volume we can only admire 

 for its neatness of execution, and express a wish that it had been more accu- 

 rate : since a map of such dimensions ought to be of invaluable service in an 

 examination of the geology of the district. In the first place, the basaltic 

 dyke appears to have been dotted through the country about Danby without 

 the slightest regard to accuracy; from Parke's Howe, at Fryup, to its appear- 

 ance on the moor above Commondale, it is marked far to the south of its 

 natural line. We notice the oolite colour covering many large tracts where 

 the Lias shales most evidently exist ; as, for example, in the Yale of Kemps- 

 wit lieu, and part of Sleddale ; the whole of Scugdale, Lownsdale, Northdale 

 (Rosedale), the country near Ingleby Manor, between Little and Great Fryup 

 at the head of the former, and near Swainby, as well as a large tract near 

 ELoseberry. To the south of Guisborough there is a similar error in colour, and 

 countless instances along the sea-coast. The Trias and Lias are divided by a 

 seemingly arbitrary boundary, very wide from the actual one, as near Eston 

 Junction and at Hutton lludby. The words " German Ocean" might mis- 

 lead a stranger, by commencing, as they do, several miles up the river Tees; 

 but we shall dismiss our corrections by a disproval of the entire neglect of such 

 vast and important alluvial, deposits, as are found at Saltburn, Runswick, 

 Lealholme Bridge, and oilier places. A geological map, in our opinion, should 

 mark the firsl geologic series beneath the superficial accumulations, and the 

 one before us, if intended to do so, but ill fulfils the intention. In conclusion, 

 we would recommend all who can to investigate for themselves one of the most 

 interesting parts of England to the geological student. 



