PROCEEDINGS OF GEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES. 



149 



stone (on the east of the Malvern hills), the syenite and greenstone (forming 

 the nucleus of the Malverns), and the Upper Llandovery beds, the Woolhope 

 shales, the Woolhope limestone, Wenlock shales, Wenlock limestone, and 

 Lower Ludlow rock on the west side of the syenite, followed by some beds of 

 the Old Red series, violently faulted against the Ludlow rock at the west end 

 of the Malvern tunnel. Then the open railway passes over Upper Ludlow 

 rocks and some lower beds of the Old Red series, here and there covered by 

 drift, until the Lower Ludlow rock is again traversed at the east end of the 

 Ledbury tunnel, and is shown to be much faulted and brought up against 

 Upper Ludlow shales and Aymestry rocks. The Wenlock shales and the 

 Wenlock limestones are then traversed ; these are much faulted, the Lower 

 Ludlow rocks again coming in, followed by Aymestry rock, Upper Ludlow 

 shales, Downton sandstone, and, at the east end of the tunnel, by red and 

 mottled marls, grey shales and grits, purple shales and sandstones, with the 

 Auchenaspis-beds, forming the passage-beds into the Old Red Sandstone, as 

 described in a former paper (Quart, Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xvi., p. 193). 



In a note, Mr. J. W. Salter, E.G.S., described the great abunaance of 

 Upper Silurian fossils found in these cuttings, and now chiefly in the collection 

 of Dr. Grindrod and other geologists at Malvern and the neighbourhood. 



January 23, 1861. 



1. "On the Gravel Boulders of the Punjab." By D. Smithe, Esq., E.G.S. 

 In the Phimgota Valley (a continuation of the great Kangra or Palum Valley) 



the drift consists of sand and shingle with boulders of gneiss, schist, porphyry, 

 and trap, from six inches to five feet in diameter. Some of the boulders, having 

 a red vitreous glance, occur in irregular beds. This moraine-like drift lies on the 

 tertiary beds, which, here dipping gently towards the plains, gradually become 

 vertical, and are succeeded by variegated compact sandstones, gradually inclin- 

 ing away from the plains ; next come various slates at a high angle, aud gneissic 

 rocks lie immediately over them. 



2. "OnPteraspis Du/iensis (Archaoteuthis Dunensis, Roemer)." ' By Prof. 

 T. H. Huxley, E.R.S. Sec. G.S. 



The fossil referred to in this communication is from Daun in the Eifel, and 

 was described by Dr. Eerd. Roemer (in the " Pala;ontographica," vol. iv. p. 72, 

 pi. 13) as belonging to the naked Cephalopods, under the name of Palceoteutlus 

 Dunensis (changed to Archaoteuthis in the 'Leth. Geogn.') ; and in the Jahrb., 

 1858, p. 55, Dr. F. Roemer described a second specimen from Wassennach on 

 the Leacher See. Prof. Huxley, reproduced, with remarks, Dr. Roemer's 

 description of the specimens ; and after observing that Mr. S. P. Woodward 

 had already suggested (Manual of Mollusca, p. 417) that Roemer's fossil was a 

 fish, he stated his conviction that it was really a Pleraspis, agreeing in all 

 essential particulars with the British Pteraspidcs, though possibly of a different 

 species. 



3. "On the ' Chalk-rock' lying between the Lower and the Upper Chalk in 

 Wilts, Berks, Oxon, Bucks, and Herts." By W. Whitaker, Esq., B.A., E.G.S. 



The author has more particularly examined the band which he terms " Chalk- 

 rock," on the northern side of the western part of the London basin. Here 

 it has its greatest thickness (twelve feet or more), to the west, gradually thin- 

 ning eastward. It is a hard chalk, dividing into blocks by joints perpendicular 

 to the bedding ; and it contains hard calcareo-phosphatic nodules. It contains 

 no flints, and in the district referred to none occur below it, whilst there is 

 often a bed of them resting on its upper surface. It seems to form an exact 

 boundary between the upper and the lower chalk, being probably the topmost 

 bed of the latter. In this case it will often serve as an index of the relative 

 thickness of these divisions, or as a datum for the measurement of the extent 

 of the denudation of the upper chalk. 



