NOTES AND QUERIES. 



397 



tion no frontal sinus whatever exists, whilst a rather considerable frontal eleva- 

 tion is exhibited; whilst in the chimpanzee in which a remarkable supraorbital 

 development exists, no frontal sinuses have been discovered. 



Professor Schauffhausen gives the measurement of a humerus, and radius, 

 two femora, in a perfect condition, and of part of ulna, humerus, ilium, scapula, 

 and ribs ; and it appears from his statements, that they exhibit characters of a 

 human race, far transcending the present as regards power of muscle, as indi- 

 cated by the thickness and rugosity of the bones. 



The presence and degree of development of the frontal sinus in the human 

 and simian forms, are as follows : — 



European 



Papuan 



Neanderthal skull . . . 



Gorilla 



Chimpanzee 



Superciliary Arch. 



Small 



Rather large 



Large 



Very large . , 

 Large 



Frontal Sinus. 



Large. 

 None, 

 p. 



Large. 

 None. 



The above shows the difficulty of predicating the amount of the frontal sinus 

 by the development of the supraciliary arch. 



The author of the article in the " Westminster Review," which announces 

 Dr. Schauffhaussen's discovery, describes his specimen as " the ruin of a soli- 

 tary arch in an enormous bridge, which time has destroyed, and which may 

 have connected the highest of animals with the lowest of men. But, even 

 though the frontal bone of this remarkable skull constitutes a link intimately 

 uniting the cranial conformation of the ancient human inhabitants of Europe 

 with the simial, there is no evidence that in respect to size, the brain which 

 that skull once contained approached more nearly to them than do the brains 

 the Alfourian and lowest negro races. 



It seems, therefore, that the party who have affirmed man's descent from a 

 transmuted ape affect to find in the recently discovered human bones transitional 

 links between the human and. simian forms. The more cautious reasoner on the 

 genesis of man, whilst affirming his origin by secondary law, gives due weight 

 to those remarkable discrepancies between the structure of the lowest man and 

 the structure of the highest ape, which would appear to auger for the human 

 subclass a more exalted origin than the gorilla or Dryopithecus. 



We find in the Neanderthal cranium a very fair development of brain, and 

 in the general shape of the skull, (the supraciliary ridge apart), we find nothing 

 which approaches to the gorilla. No interparietal crest, obliterating the sagittal 

 suture, extends along the head ; and although the hinder part of the skull is 

 broken away, we cannot infer anything which approaches to an occipital or 

 lambseoid crest. None of the other characters which so prominently differen- 

 tiate the human from the simian sub-kingdoms are to be found in this ancient 

 skull. It is not cerebrally inferior to the Papuan or Negro races. 



Was this man from the Neanderthal of the same species as that which now 

 dominates over the animal creation ? Dr. Latham, in his Ethnological Apho- 

 risms, says, " that all existing varieties of man may be referable to a single 



