BRITISH ASSOCIATION MEETING. 



449 



Fi°- 1 is a rude map of the coast, on the scale of one inch to one hundred 

 feet, extending from a little north, or the Torquay side, of the Carbons (/) to 

 Livermead Head (g) ; the small interjacent bay O) is known as Livermead 

 Sands ; a b and c d are the Torbay and Dartmouth turnpike and railroad 

 respectively ; e is the fragment of the old road I have mentioned. Pig. 2 is a 

 vertical section of the north end cliff (af) of the Carbons, on the scale of one 

 inch to ten feet, where, as in Fig. 1, e shows the situation of the old road, and 

 a the Torbay and Dartmouth turnpike-road. 



Another fragment extends from the southern end of Livermead Sands to 

 Preston Sands, where it terminates at what is locally known as "Broken Cliff," 

 a philological testimony to the fact that the inhabitants of the district have 

 long recognised the retreat of their coast before the waves. The situation of 

 the Livermead portion of this remnant is shown by the dotted line c b in Fig. 

 1, but the other extremity is not shown in the figure. 



Not many years since a breach was made by the sea through the Carbons, 

 and its north-eastern portion thereby converted into a tidal island (v u, Fig. 2) ; 



a 



y to V U 



Fig. 2. 



prior to this, a fine natural arch existed in a now perished north-easterly pro- 

 longation of this detached mass, a drawing of it was made by a daughter of 

 the late Mrs. Griffiths, the eminent algologist, who kindly allowed me to copy 

 it for a diagram (Fig. 3) ; its situation is indicated by the dotted line i, Fig. 2. 



Fig. 3. 



Iam informed by Lord Churston that the Rev. Mr. Edwards, for fifty years 

 vicar of Berry Pomeroy, but who has long been deceased, told him that he 

 remembered two distinct roads, successively made and abandoned, outside, 

 that is, farther seaward than, the road I have just spoken of as existing now 

 in fragments only. 



The Torquay and Dartmouth turnpike-road {a b, Fig. 1), about twenty-four 

 feet wide, runs in front of Livermead House (o), which undoubtedly owes its 

 continued existence to this fact. A sea-wall bounds this road on the outer 

 VOL. IV. 3 c 



