570 



LIST OF WOODCUTS. 



PAGE 



Ideal Section of a Coal Basin . . 9 

 Ideal Section, showing Granite and 



Killas with Metalliferous Veins 9 

 Flint Implement, from Gray's Inn 



Lane (a.d. 1750) 19 



Flint Implements, from Hoxne 



(Frerel797) 20 



Stone Implements, from Guernsey 21 

 Stone Celt set in Stag's Horn, in 



British Museum 22 



Stone Hatchet, from New California 23 

 Small Flint Instrument, from 



Amiens 23 



Small Flint Instrument, from Hoxne 23 

 Flint Javelin, from Hornsey . . 24 

 Long Flint Implement, in Collec- 

 tion of Society of Antiquaries . 24 



Flint Saw 24 



Flint Flake Knife, from Abbeville 24 

 Broken Fragments of Flint Flake 



Knives 25 



Fhnt Flake Knives, from Kent's 



Hole 25 



Flint Flake Knife, from Abbeville 25 



Flint Arrow-Heads, from Eedhill . 25 



Flint Arrow-Heads, from Canada . 26 

 Arrow-Head of Smoky Quartz, 



from Peru 26 



Forgeries of Flint Implements . . 27 

 Concentric Lines of Fracture in 



Flints 27 



Process of Chipping Flakes ... 28 

 Obsidian Javelins, from New Cale- 

 donia . . . 28 



Insect Remains, from Peckham . 39 



Diagram of Coal Mine Shafts . . 62 



Section of Coal Basin ..... 63 



Plan of Coal Mine Working . . 64 



Plan of Worked-out Coal Mine . 66 



Section at Mundesley Cliff, Norfolk 69 

 Section at Allen's Pit, Charlton . 73 

 New Crustacean, from the Skiddaw 



Slates 74 



Branched Graptolites, from Skid- 

 daw 74 



Graptolite-stcm 74 



Descriptive terms of Spirifer . . 76 



Descriptive terms of Terebratula . 77 



Order of Strata at Cleveland . . 84 



PAGE 



Portion of Frond of Alethopteris 

 lonchitica 100 



Alethopteris Serlii 101 



Diagram of Range of Cephalaspis, 

 in Worcestershire 104 



Cephalaspis Head-Shield, orna- 

 mented exterior layer . . . . 105 



Pteraspis Head-Shield, as usually 

 found 105 



Sections on the London and Dover 

 Railway, near Canterbury . .110 



Beakesbourne Cutting (Kent) . .110 



Quarry Section at Donald's Hill . 116 



Upcast of Ground 118 



Coiled-up Fronds of Pecopteris . 121 

 Sphenopteris Schlotheimii, from 



Strasbourg 122 



Osmunda Regalis, with terminal 



fructification 123 



Adiantites Hibernicus, with lateral 



spikes of fructification .... 123 

 Sigillaria, internal cast of stem . . 124 

 Sigillaria, with roots (stigmaria) . 124 

 Sigillaria elegans, pattern of bark 124 

 Sigillaria Defrancii, patterns of bark 125 

 Lepidodendron, pattern of bark . 126 

 Lepidodendron, stem, leaves, cat- 

 kin, etc., and supposed root 



Halonia 127 



Section of Tree-Fern, showing large 



bundles of vessels 128 



Portion of Cross Section, magnified 128 

 Section of Calamite, showing 

 smaller bundles of vessels sur- 

 rounding the pith 128 



Dadoxylon, with its pith, leaves, 



and seeds 129 



Cycadeous plant (Pterophyllum), 



from Altai Mountains .... 131 

 Cephalaspis, in Mr. Powrie's Col- 

 lection 137 



Cephalaspis, in Mr. Marston's Col- 

 lection 141 



Mountain Limestone Quarry, Kel 



Toom 171 



Mountain Limestone Quarry, Coor- 



son Point 172 



Mountain Limestone Quarry, Bai- 

 ley key ron 173 



