112 



THE G-EOLOGIST. 



the tarsus and metatarsus, two vertebrae, and various fragments. " These 

 remains/' he says, "lay in the upper strata of the Keuper, visibly over- 

 lapped by the Lias. This formation has hitherto been considered as de- 

 void of organic remains in this country (France), where it contains gypsum 

 and rock-salt. In evertheless, some years ago, M. Pidancet, a geologist of 

 the Franche-comte, found in these same strata large bones, which he depo- 

 sited in the Museum of Eesangon, and which he considers as belonging to 

 the same species. A few months ago, while opening a ditch for the rail- 

 road near Domblans, a similar fragment was found; and M. Lauckardt, 

 one of the employes, has seen also at the same place other bones much 

 larger, which he could not displace on account of their fragility. 



Mammalian Eemains. — M. Froment, the Mayor of Saint-Lothaire, 

 has found bones of mammoth and deer in a bed of sand and marl contain- 

 ing boulders of quartz and numerous fragments of terrestrial and freshwater 

 shells. — 'Sentinelle du Jura.' 



l^[oDULAR Bodies feom the Ceag. — Sir, — Could any of your readers 

 inform me as to what causes certain bodies of this shape in the 

 Eed Crag of Suffolk ? I have met with them in great numbers 

 along the cliffs at Bawdsey. They are made up of the same 

 materials as the rest of the crag, but seem to be harder and 

 contain more oxide of iron. They are hollow in the middle, 

 and measure from an inch to a foot in length. Their origin, 

 perhaps, is the same as the Sabella tubes mentioned in a former 

 Number by Mr. Brent. They are exposed only by the action 

 of wind and water on account of their superior hardness. I 

 should be glad of any information concerning them, however 

 small. — I reniain 3^ours, etc., Voluta, 



[We handed this query over to a correspondent, who pon- 

 dered over the reply to be given on the origin of these mystical 

 bodies until he fell asleep and dreamed that at a considerable 

 outlay of time, trouble, and expense, he had submitted it to va- 

 rious competent authorities, and by special trains, electric messages, etc., 

 had been favoured with the following answers : — 



" Sponges," J. S. B. " Annelid-tubes," J. W. S. " Cephalaspid tails," 

 G. E. E,. "Casts of tree-roots," C. B. "Lightning-tubes," Gr. D. G-. 

 " Effects of Water-spouts," J. T. " Elongate-ovate Crvstalloids," H. C. S. 

 " Alveoliuse," W. B. C. " Ovoid bodies of Teredines," N. T. W. " Nests 

 of Entomostraca," T. E. J. " Horn-cores of Bos," H. F. " Derived fos- 

 sils from the Coal " and " Casts of bore-holes of Saxicava, in place," 

 J. M. " Fossil wasp-nests," I. O. W. " CoproHte of a Gorilla," E. O. 

 " iNot a Coprolite of a Gorilla," J. E. G. " Cases of Caddis- worm (Phrv- 

 gaiioa Hercules)," H. T. S. "Joint of Cragocrinus," E. W. "Foetal 

 ^^ hales," T. H. H. " Casts of Swallow-holes," J. P. " Objects of Human 

 Industry, such as rusty spikes, tenpenny nails, marling-pikes, sounding- 

 leads, or surh lik(\" B. de P. " Prochronic Tailor-birds' Nests," P. G. 

 " narwinian K.in-.lo-Cologne Bottles," F. W. H.] 



Geology Wu \ 1:1 i,y Explained. — The following admirable and succinct 

 epitome ol' our scicii.c, in use by Professor King, at Queen's College, 

 Gahvay, will be loimd xcvy useful by many of our younger readers, and 

 for loi'ture purposes hy our elder one's. 



Drfuiidon of lhc Science. — Geology (from ^(/e, the earth, and logos, a dis- 

 course) treats of the nature and order of arrangement of the rocks composing 

 the crust of the globe ; of the ph.ysi('o-gcogra]ihieal changes which its surface 

 has undergom^ ; and of the various plants and animals with which the 

 liiiuls and waters of by-gone periods have been tenanted, as well as the 



