181 



THE GEOLOGIST. 



Scotland, tlie author proceeded to describe the works of art which had 

 been found io it. From their occurrence in beds of elevated silt and sand, 

 containing- layers of marine shells, it was evident that the change of level 

 had been^effected since the commencement of the human period. The 

 character of the remains likewise proved that the elevation could not be 

 assigned to so ancient a time as the Stone Period of the archaeologist. The 

 canoes which had froni time to time been exhumed from the upraised 

 deposits of the Clyde at Glasgow clearly showed that at the time when at 

 least the more finished of them were in nse, the natives of this part of 

 Scotland were acquainted with the use of bronze, if not of iron. The 

 remains found in the corresponding beds of the Forth estuary likewise 

 indicated that there had been an upheaval long after the earlier races had 

 settled in the country, and that the movement was subsequent to the 

 employment of iron. From the Firth of Tay similar evidence was adduced 

 to indicate an upheaval possibly as recent as the time of the Roman occu- 

 pation. The author then cited several antiquaries '^ ho, from, a considera- 

 tion of the present position of the Eoman remains in Scotland, had inferred 

 a considerable change in the aspect of the coast-line since the earlier 

 centuries of the Christian era. He pointed out also several circumstances 

 in relation to these Roman relics, which tended to show a change of level, 

 and he referred to the discovery of Roman pottery in a point of the raised 

 beach at Leith. The conclusion to which the evidence led him was, that 

 since the first century of our era the central parts of Scotland, from the 

 Clyde to the Forth and the Tay, had risen to a height of from 20 to 25 

 feet above their present level. 



April 2, 1862. — The following communications were read : — 



1. " On some Remains of Chiton from the Mountain-limestone of York- 

 shire." By J. W. Kirkby, Esq. 



These remains consist of eight separate plates of four species of Chiton, 

 found by Mr. Burrow, of Settle, in the Lower Scar Limestone of that 

 neighbourhood. These new species, determined by Mr. Kirkby, are 

 Chiton JBurrotoianus, Kirkby, Ch. coloratus, Kirkby, two species unde- 

 termined, and a trace of Chitonellus {^). These appear to be the first 

 Chitons observed in the Carboniferous limestone of England ; but fourteen 

 others, and a Chitonellus, have been found in strata of the same age in 

 Belgium and elsewhere, and have been described by Miinster, De Koninck, 

 and De Ryckholt. 



2. " On some Fossil Bejitilia, of the Order Ganocephala, from the 

 Coal-measures of the South Joggins, Nova Scotia." By Professor Owen, 

 F.R.S., F.G.S. 



The specimens described in this communication were (together with 

 remains of XijJohias and Pupa) obtained by Dr. Dawson, F.G.S. , in 1861, 

 from two fossil stumps of trees, and were referred to in his communication 

 read before the Society on November 6, 1861. Professor Owen has deter- 

 mined among the specimens submitted to him the following small Reptilian 

 forms — ITijluuomus LycUi, Dawson, S. ac/edentatus, Dawson, S. Wymani, 

 Dawson, Ifi/loyeton Dawsoni (nov. gen. et sp.), Owen, and Bendrerpeton 

 Acadianum, Owen. 



3. '* On the Occurrence of Mesozoic and Permian Faunae in Eastern 

 Australia." By the Rev. W. B. Clarke, F.G.S. 



^Ir. P. Gordon having been requested by the Rev. W. B. Clarke to 

 soarcli for fi)ssils in his neighbourhood (between the Balonne and Maranoa 

 Bivcrs) and in the Fitzroy Downs, Queensland, was successful in making 

 a large coHection of specimens at the Wollumbilla Creek. These he sent 

 to Mr. Clarke, who forwarded them to Professor M'Coy, at Melbourne, 



