222 



THE GEOLOGIST. 



kenmoddings and PfaUbauten.* Human osseous remains bave not 

 been demonstrated in the Kj'okkenmoddings themselves, according to 

 the testimony of the latest observers of these shell-deposits. 



The broad' ground may be admitted, that the earliest Briton skulls 

 generally exhibit a supraorbital projection, which attains in its deve- 

 lopment, hovrever, nothing like the size of the ridge in the Neander- 

 thal cranium. The majority of the British, Hibernian, and Caledo- 

 nian skulls figured by Messrs. Davis and Thurnamf exhibit a large 

 supraorbital ridge. This character is also present in a few of the 

 Saxon skulls. 



The supraorbital development of the Briton skull from Ballidon 

 MoorJ is fully equal to that of the Engis cranium. The Neanderthal 

 skull, however, admittedly stands sui generis. 



The Museum of Natural History at Copenhagen contains skulls 

 of the " Stone Period" in Denmark with an excessive supraorbital 

 projection. 



Aboriginal American races of high antiquity often exhibit a large 

 supraorbital development. This may be seen on examining Morton' s§ 

 plates of the Peruvian from Pachacamac (" Temple of the Sun "), plate 

 11a, and the skulls of mound-builders from the Upper Mississippi 

 (plate 52), Tennessee (plate 55), and Steutenville, in Ohio (plate 68). 



The frontal development of the Australian race, accompanied by an 

 absence of the frontal sinus, has been frequently noticed, and several 

 Australian skulls have the supraorbital ridge overhanging the origin 

 of the nasals to the degree shown in the skulls from Engis and the 

 Valley of the Trent. 



Supraorbital development in the Negro is far from being a constant 

 character. It is undoubtedly present in many of the lower Negroes, 

 but I have now before me a skull from Ashantee which exhibits less 

 supraorbital development than many of the skulls from the " Stone 

 period " in Denmark. 



In India, the range of variation offered by the Hill-tribes of Nepal 

 exhibits the supraorbital ridge under a variety of aspects. The low- 

 caste individuals, perhaps of all nations, have a greater tendency to 

 repeat this character than the more elevated types. In Europeans, 



* A. Morlot : 



1. 'Le^on d'ouverture d'un'Cours sur la haute Antiquite, fait a TAcademie de Lausanne 

 en Novcmbre ct Deceinbre I860.' 8vo. Lausanne, 1861. 



2. ^ ' l?(Mnar(iucs sur les formations modernes dans le Canton de Vaud.' (Bulletin de la 

 Socictc \ ar,loiM' des Sciences naturelles, tome v. No. 40.) 8vo. Lausanne, 1857. 



3. 'I'.liulcs (icologico-Archeolos;iques en Danemark et en Suisse.' 8vo. Lausanne, 

 1800. (Bulletin, etc., tome v. no. 46.) 



4. ^ On the Post-Tertiary and Quaternary Formations of Switzerland.' 8vo. 



5. ' Kcclicrclirs sur Ips Habitations lacustres des environs d'Estavayer,' par M. Biot de 

 yevay el 11 run l?i y, rcdigecs par M. Morlot. (Extrait des ]\Iemoires de la Societe des 

 AniKinaircs dc Zurich, tome xiii,) 4to. 



Y ' Crania Britanuica.' 4to and folio. London: 1836. 

 % Loc. cit. 



§ ' Crania Americana.' riiiladelphia : 1839. In a Pacbacamac skull before me 

 there IS a very slight supraorbital development. 



