GEOLOGICAL NOTES TN THE QTIEAT EXTTIBTTIO^T. 



347 



raised is iip^v.ards of 100 tons per week, and the ore raised yields a lii^,dier 

 psrcenta<^e even than Wallaroo, but little by below 20 per cent., and a 

 great deal yields 30 ])er cent. Near the surface the ore is chiefly f^reeu 

 carbonate mixed with clay ; but at 7 or 8 fathoms down it has chauLfed 

 to black and yellow ore, interspersed ^ ith lar<j^e lumps of metallic copper, 

 some of several pounds weif^ht. The first discovery of these rich deposits 

 was in May, 18G1. Next to the Wallaroo and Moonta mines, the most suc- 

 cessful operations have been those of the "New Cornwall Minin<^ Associa- 

 tion." Their workiin^s are 3 or 4- miles inland from the Wallaroo mines, and 

 about 45 men are now employed. From the lodes intended to be worked 

 by the engine 800 tons have been raised, some giving the high yield of 40 

 per cent. At these works the ore will be reduced by a process recently 

 patented by Mr. II. V. llodda. The workings of the Duryea Mining Com- 

 pany are about 3 miles from Kadina. At 18 feet below the surface green 

 carbonate of copper was met with. At 20 feet below the surfjice drives 

 were made in various directions, and in each copper was cut, in all cases 

 dipping down ; at 25 feet water was met with, another shaft was then 

 commenced ; and at 10 feet a fine course of mundic, with black quartz, 

 was met, beneath which was a fine lode of black ore, 7 feet to 8| feet 

 thick, dipi)ing to the south. Specimens were assayed, and gave 04 per 

 cent, of copper. At 12 fathoms a drive was made from one shaft to 

 the other in ^Ahich 2 wingers were sunk, one 9 fathoms and the other 

 4 fathoms. Prom these cut black ore has been raised, yielding from 52 to 

 57^ per cent, of copper. Several mines, besides the Great Northern 

 Company, have been opened in the tract of country north of Port 

 Augusta ; but though several of them are of high promise, want of 

 capital and the difficulty of getting the ore to a shipping place have pre- 

 vented the development of active o])erations. The Great Northern mines 

 are about 290 miles north of Port Augusta, and working operations com- 

 menced in June, 1860, and have been prosecuted with considerable vigour 

 and success. Some 600 or 700 tons of ore, extracted without machinery, 

 have been shipped to this countr3\ These have been the usual carbonates 

 and grey ores giving a high produce — 27 to 30 — and some as high as 40 

 per cent.; but the present deep levels are turning out sulphurets. 



Near Strathalbyn several mines producing copjier and lead vrere opened 

 many years prior to the discovery of gold in Victoria, and considerable 

 returns made from them. More recently, the Wheal Ellen mine in the 

 same locality, producing lead, silver, and copper, with gold in the gossans, 

 has been discovered. In the Bremer country a number of mines were 

 opened also before the discovery of gold in Victoria, many which gave 

 great promise of large results. Working has been renewed in one of 

 them — the Bremer mine. The Eanmatoo mines on the estate of the 

 South Australian Company have been worked for many years past, and 

 large quantities of ore raised. Smelting furnaces for the ore have been 

 raised in Scott's Creek, some four miles distant, and have tended largely 

 to increase the profits of the undertaking. The whole of this district is 

 highly mineralized. 



Gkological Institute of Austria. — This institution was founded by 

 the nresent Emperor, Francis Joseph I., in 1859, under the directorship of 

 Dr. llaidinger. The local directors are MM. Hauer, Lipoid, and Foetterle. 

 The staff of assistant-geologists consists of M. D. Stur, Dr. Staclie, 

 Henry Wolf, Baron Andrian-Werberg, Dr. Stoliczka, and ^l. Chas. Paul. 

 The archivist is Count Marschall von Ihirgholzhausen ; the director of the 

 ciiemical laboratory, M. Ilauer ; the librarian, M. Adolphe Senoner ; and 

 Dr. Homes, the director of the Imperial Miueralogical Museum of 

 Vienna, is an associate member of the stall*. 



