396 



THE GEOLOGIST. 



and partly a \YOodlike coal. Nortli-east of this is a seam 13 feet thick, at 

 Gleissen, and to the eastward another, 35 feet, near Schermeissel ; and two 

 thick seams are worked between Schwiebus and Lngau. These deposits 

 terminate at Padligar and E-adewitsch, south of Ziillichau. The basin ? of 

 Eoben and Steinau, on the left bank of the Oder, continue their course on 

 the right bank, and are known from Bronau,near Guhrau, as far as Polnisch- 

 Wartenberg and Trebnitz ; the coal becoming more solid and in every way 

 better as the seams diverge to the south-east, where it is frequently trans- 

 formed into black pitch-coal (Pechkoble). It attains a thickness of 13 to 

 27 feet between Wersingave and Stroppin, and from Winzig to Glogau is 

 from 5 to 10 feet thick. An entirely separate deposit should be mentioned 

 near Dembiohammer, between Malapane and Oppeln, which was considered 

 for a long time to be true coal. Seventy miles from the brown coal at Oboruik 

 on the Warthe, other deposits appear below the confluence of the Vistula 

 and the Brahe, from the Fordon in Bromberg to Costelletz in Schwetz. 



Brown-coal deposits on the east bank of the Vistula occur at Braunsberg 

 (in Konigsberg), and near Warniken and E-auschen on the Baltic coast. 



In the southern group of measures many traces of brown coal have been 

 followed up by diligent investigations along the southern edges of the Sua- 

 bian and Franconian Jura, from Lake Constance to the Danube, and thence 

 on its left bank as far as the so-called Bavarian forest in the beds of mo- 

 lasse. In the Grand Duchy of Baden good brown coal was discovered, but 

 too thin to work. In Wiirtemberg also seams have been met with, but 

 unworkable, except one of dysodile, 4 feet thick, near Eandeck (in Kirch- 

 heim), which is used for the manufacture of photogene and paraffin. On 

 the eastern edge of these deposits, in the Bavarian territory, important 

 basins are formed, one near Sauforst, where the seam has a thickness of 

 from 10 to 30 feet, yielding chiefly ligneous coal. Along the northern 

 slope of the ridge of mountains in front of the Alps, in Upper Bavaria, 

 brown-coal seams are everywhere met with, mostly of black pitch-coal, 

 which cannot be coked, but which possesses the best qualities for puddling 

 and reheating iron, and for domestic purposes. In the western part of 

 this basin thirty seams are known on the southern slope of the Peissenberg, 

 six of which are worked and have a total thickness of about nine feet. On 

 the Pensberg forty-six seams are known, fifteen of which are workable. 

 In the district of Auer one seam is worked, and one also at Eschelbach, 

 in the district of Schongau. At a greater distance from the mountains 

 three very thin seams are known at Irrsee, in the district of Kaufbeuren. 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Human Eemains under Peat. — In the ' Quarterly Geological Jour- 

 nal,' vol. ix. 1853, p. 32, Mr. Gavey, F.G.S., stated that human remains had 

 been found in blue clay, underlying peat and sand, at a depth of 9 feet 

 6 inches from the surface, in a railway cutting at Mickleton, in Gloucester- 

 shire. Tlie geological evidences are detailed in Mr. Gavey 's paper at great 

 length. The late Professor Baden Powell, F.E.S., inserted a note on the 

 subject in his ' Essays on the Philosophy of Creation,' 8vo, London, 1855, 

 p. 501, in which he states, " Considering the very long series of phy- 

 sical events which thus must have occurred since the human remains were 

 embedded, it becomes an important inquiry to endeavour to settle the pro- 



