THE ORIGIN OF THE S. W. MONSOON-RAIN. 51 



the sun, produces in turn the inverse process, namely, 

 the north-east monsoon. About the Tanganyika, how- 

 ever, all is variable. The large body of water in the 

 central reservoir preserves its equability of tempe- 

 rature, while the alternations of chilly cold and potent 

 heat, in the high and broken lands around it, cause 

 extreme irregularity in the direction of the currents. 

 During the rains of 1858 the prevalent winds were 

 constantly changing : in the mornings there was almost 

 regularly a cool north breeze drawn by the water from 

 the heights of Urundi ; in the course of the day it 

 varied round towards the south. The most violent 

 storms came up from the south-east and the south-west, 

 and as often against as with the gale. The long and 

 rigorous wet monsoon, broken only by a few scattered 

 days of heat, renders the climate exceedingly damp, and 

 it is succeeded by a burst of sunshine which dries the 

 grass to stubble in a few days. Despite these extremes, 

 the climate of Ujiji has the reputation of being com- 

 paratively healthy; it owes this probably to the 

 refreshing coolness of the nights and mornings. The 

 mukunguru, or seasoning-fever of this region, is not 

 feared by strangers so much as that of Unyanyembe, 

 yet no one expects to escape it. It is a low bilious and 

 aguish type, lasting from three to four days : during 

 the attack perspiration is induced with difficulty, and it 

 often recurs at regular times once a month. 



From the Malagarazi Ferry many lines traverse the 

 desert on the right or northern bank of the river, which 

 is preferred to the southern, whence the Wavinza 

 exclude travellers. Before entering this region caravans 

 generally combine, so as to present a formidable front to 

 possible foes. The trunk road, called Jambeho, the 



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