MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. 



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string is similarly attached along the side of the arm, 

 whilst the treble runs along the top. 



The kinanda, a prototype of the psaltery and harp, 

 the lute and lyre, and much used by the southern races 

 in the neighbourhood of Kilwa, is of two kinds. One is 

 a shallow box cut out of a single plank, thirteen inches 

 long by five or six in breadth, and about two inches in 

 depth : eleven or twelve strings are drawn tightly over 

 the hollow. The instrument is placed in the lap, and 

 performed upon with both hands. The other is a small 

 bow-guitar, with an open gourd attached to the part 

 about the handle : sometimes the bow passes through 

 the gourd. This instrument is held in the left hand, 

 whilst the "tocador" strikes its single cord with a 

 thin cane-plectrum about one foot long. As in the 

 zeze, the gourd is often adorned with black tattoo, 

 or bright brass tacks, disposed in various patterns, 

 amongst which the circle and the crescent figure con- 

 spicuously. A third form of the kinanda appears to be 

 a barbarous ancestor of the Grecian lyre, which, like 

 the modern Nubian " kisirka," is a lineal descendant 

 from the Egyptian oryx -horn lute with the transverse 

 bar. A combination of the zeze and kinanda is made 

 by binding a dwarf hollow box with its numerous 

 strings to the open top of a large circular gourd, 

 which then acts as a sounding-board. 



The wind-instruments are equally rude, though by 

 no means so feeble as their rivals. The nai or sackbut 

 of India, and the siwa, a huge bassoon of black wood, at 

 least five feet long, are known only to the coast-people. 

 The tribes of the interior use the d'hete or kidete, 

 called by the Wasawahili zumari. It is literally the 

 bucolic reed, a hollowed holcus-cane, pierced with four 

 holes at the further end : the mouthpiece is not stopped 



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