APPENDIX I. 



391 



For trading purposes a number of different kinds must be 

 laid in, — for travellers, the coral or scarlet, the pink porcelain, 

 and the large blue glass bead, are more useful than other 

 colours. Yet in places even the expensive coral bead has been 

 refused. 



Beads are sold in Zanzibar island by the following weights : 



16 Wakiyyah (ounces, each=l dollar in weight) = 1 Rati (or pound; in 

 the plural, Artal). 

 3 Rati, or 48 Wakiyyah = 1 Man (Maund). 

 12 Amnan (Maunds) = 1 Frasilah (35 to 36 pounds). 

 60 Artal (pounds) = 1 Frasilah. 



20 to 22 Farasilah (according to the article purchased) =1 Kandi (Candy). 



The Zanzibar lb. is the current English avoirdupois. The 

 Arabs use a rati without standard, except that it should be 

 equal to sixteen Maria Theresa dollars. According to M. 

 Guillain, it is four grammes (each 22*966 grs. avoir.) less than 

 the English lb., and when reduced to seven grammes it is con- 

 sidered under weight. The "man" or maund is the general 

 measure: there are, however, three varieties. The "man" of 

 Zanzibar consists of three rati, that of Maskat contains nine, 

 and that of Oman generally 0*25 less than the Zanzibar maund. 

 The frasilah (in the plur. farasilah) may roughly be assumed as 

 one-third of the cwt. : the word probably gave rise to the 

 English coffee- weight called a (i frail." 



The measures of beads are as complicated and arbitrary as 

 those of cloth. The following are the terms known throughout 

 the interior, but generally unintelligible at Zanzibar, where this 

 merchandise is sold by weight : 



4 Bitil (each a single length from index tip to wrist) = 1 Khete. 

 10 Khete (each a doubled length round the throat, or round the thumb, 

 to the elbow-bone) = 1 Fundo (i. e. a " knot.") 



10 Fundo (in the plural, Mafundo) = 1 Ugoyye, or Ugoe. 

 10 Ugoyye (or 60 Fundo) = 1 Miranga, or Gana. 



Of these bead measures there are local complications. In 

 the central regions, for instance, the khete is of half size, and 

 the fundo consists of five, not of ten khete. 



Beads are purchased for the monopolisers of Zanzibar un- 

 strung, and before entering the country it is necessary to 

 measure and prepare the lengths for barter. The string, called 

 " ut'hembwe " (in the plural <e t'hembwe "), is generally made 

 of palm-fibre, and much depends for successful selling, especially 

 in the larger kinds of beads, upon the regularity and attractive- 

 ness of the line. It will be remembered that beads in East 



c c 4 



