APPENDIX I. 



407 



the soil is reel, the copal of Saadani is not highly prized, being 

 of a dull white colour ; it is usually designated as ({ chakazi." 



On the line inland from Bagamoyo and Kaole the copal- tree 

 was observed at rare intervals in the forests, and the pits ex- 

 tended as far as Muhonyera, about 40 miles in direct distance 

 from the coast. The produce of this country, though not first- 

 rate, is considered far superior to that about Saadani.- 



Good copal is dug in the vicinity of Mbuamaji, and the dig- 

 gings are said to extend to 6 marches inland. The Wadenkereko, 

 a wild tribe, mixed with and stretching southwards of the Wa- 

 zaramo, at a distance of two days' journey from the sea, supply 

 a mixed quality, more often white than red. The best gums are 

 procured from I Inn da and its adjacent districts. Frequent feuds 

 with the citizens deter the wild people from venturing out of 

 their jungles, and thus the Banyans of Mbuamaji find two small 

 dows sufficient for the carriage of their stores. At that port the 

 price of copal varies from 2 dol. 50 cents to 3 dol. per frasilah. 



The banks of the Rufiji River, especially the northern district 

 of Wande, supply the finest and best of copal ; it is dug by the 

 Wawande tribe, who either carry it to Kikunya and other ports, 

 or sell it to travelling hucksters. The price in loco is from 

 1 dol. 50 cents to 2 dollars per frasilah ; on the coast it rises to 

 3 dol. 50 cents. At all these places the tariff varies with the 

 Bombay market, and in 1858 little was exported owing to the 

 enlistment of " free labourers." 



In the vicinity of Kilwa, for four marches inland, copal is dug 

 up by the Mandandu and other tribes; owing to the facility of 

 carriage and the comparative safety of the country it is somewhat 

 dearer than that purchased on the banks of the Rufiji. The 

 copal of Ngao (Monghou) and the Lindi creek is much cheaper 

 than at Kilwa; the produce, however, is variable in quality, 

 being mostly a dull white chakazi. 



Like that of East African produce generally, the exploi- 

 tation of copal is careless and desultory. The diggers are of 

 the lowest classes, and hands are much wanted. Near the 

 seaboard it is worked by the fringe of Moslem negroids called 

 the Wamrinia or Coast clans ; each gang has its own mtu mku 

 or akida'ao (mucacldum — headman), who, by distributing the 

 stock, contrives to gain more and to labour less than the others. 

 In the interior it is exploited by the Washenzi or heathen, who 

 work independently of one another. When there is no blood- 

 feud they carry it down to the coast, otherwise they must await 

 the visits of petty retail dealers from the ports, who enter the 

 country with ventures of 10 or 12 dollars, and barter for it cloth, 



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