APPENDIX I. 



409 



An account of the ivory markets in Inner Africa will remove 

 sundry false impressions. The Arabs are full of fabulous reports 

 concerning regions where the article may be purchased for its 

 circumference in beads, and greed of gain has led many of them 

 to danger and death. Wherever tusks are used as cattle-pens 

 or to adorn graves, the reason is that they are valueless on 

 account of the want of conveyance. 



The elephant has not wholly disappeared from the maritime 

 regions of Zanzibar. It is found, especially during the rainy 

 monsoon, a few miles behind Pangani town : it exists also 

 amongst the Wazegura, as far as their southern limit, the Gama 

 River. The Wadoe hunt the animal in the vicinity of Shakini, 

 a peak within sight of Zanzibar. Though killed out of Uzaramo, 

 and K'hutu, it is found upon the banks of the Kingani and the 

 Rufiji rivers. The coast people now sell their tusks for 30 to 

 35 dollars' worth of cloth, beads, and wire per frasilah. 



In Western Usagara the elephant extends from Maroro to 

 Ugogi. The people, however, being rarely professional hunters, 

 content themselves with keeping a look-out for the bodies of 

 animals that have died of thirst or of wounds received elsewhere. 

 As the chiefs are acquainted with the luxuries of the coast, their 

 demands are fantastic. They will ask, for instance, for a large 

 tusk — the frasilah is not used in inland sales — a copper caldron 

 worth 15 dollars; a khesi, or fine cloth, costing 20 dollars; and 

 a variable quantity of blue and white cottons : thus, an ivory, 

 weighing perhaps 3 frasilah, may be obtained for 50 dollars. 



Ugogo and its encircling deserts are peculiarly rich in 

 elephants. The people are eminently hunters, and, as has 

 been remarked, they trap the animals, and in droughty sea- 

 sons they find many dead in the jungles. Ivory is somewhat 

 dearer in Ugogo than in Unyamwezi, as caravans rarely visit 

 the coasts, "it is generally bartered to return caravans for 

 slaves brought from the interior ; of these, five or six represent 

 the value of a large tusk. 



The ivory of Unyamwezi is collected from the districts of 

 Mgunda Mk'hali, Usukuma, Umanda, Usagozi, and other adja- 

 cent regions. When the "Land of the Moon" was first visited 

 by the Arabs, they purchased, it is said, 10 farasilah of ivory 

 with 1 frasilah of the cheap white or blue porcelains. The 

 price is now between 30 and 35 dollars per frasilah in cloth, 

 beads, and wire. The Africans, ignoring the frasilah, estimate 

 the value of the tusk by its size and quality ; and the Arabs 

 ascertain its exact weight by steelyards. Moreover, they raise 

 the weight of what they purchase to 48 lbs., and diminish that 



