APPENDIX I. 



413 



between 1 and 2 fundo of beads, and at times 3 may be procured 

 for a shukkah. On the coast they rise, when fine, to 25 dollars 

 per frasilah. At Zanzibar a large lot, averaging 6 to 8 lbs. in 

 weight (12 lbs. would be about the largest), will sell for 60 

 dollars ; per frasilah of 5 lbs. from 40 to 45 dollars : whilst the 

 smallest fetch from 5 to 6 dollars. Of surpassing hardness, 

 they are still used in Europe for artificial teeth. In America 

 porcelain bids fair to supplant them. 



The gargatan (karkadan ?), or small black rhinoceros with a 

 double horn, is as common as the elephant in the interior. The 

 price of the horn is regulated by its size ; a small specimen is to 

 be bought for 1 jembe or iron hoe. When large the price is 

 doubled. Upon the coast a lot fetches from 6 to 9 dollars per 

 frasilah, which at Zanzibar increases to from 8 to 12 dollars. The 

 inner barbarians apply plates of the horn to h el com as and ulce- 

 rations, and they cut it into bits, which are bound with twine 

 round the limb, like the wooden mpigii or hirizi. Large horns 

 are imported through Bombay to China and Central Asia, where 

 it is said the people convert them into drinking- cups, which sweat 

 if poison be administered in them : thus they act like the Vene- 

 tian glass of our ancestors, and are as highly prized as that ec- 

 centric fruit the coco de mer. The Arabs of Maskat and Yemen 

 cut them into sword-hilts, dagger-hafts, tool-handles, and small 

 boxes for tobacco, and other articles. They greatly prize, and 

 will pay 12 dollars per frasilah, for the spoils of the kobaoba, or 

 long-horned white rhinoceros, which, however, appears no longer 

 to exist in the latitudes westward of Zanzibar island. 



Black cattle are seldom driven down from the interior, on ac- 

 count of the length and risk of the journey. It is evident, how- 

 ever, that the trade is capable of extensive development. The 

 price of full-grown bullocks varies, according to the distance from 

 the coast, between 3 and 5 doti ; whilst that of cows is about 

 double. When imported from the mainland ports, 1 dollar per 

 head is paid as an octroi to the government, and about the same 

 sum for passage-money. As Banyans will not allow this traffic 

 to be conducted by their own craft, it is confined to the Moslem 

 population. The island of Zanzibar is supplied with black cattle, 

 chiefly from the Banadir and Madagascar, places beyond the 

 range of this description. The price of bullocks varies from 5 to 

 8 dollars, and of cows from 6 to 9 dollars. Goats and sheep 

 abound throughout Eastern Africa. The former, which are 

 preferred, cost in the maritime regions from 8 to 10 shukkah 

 merkani ; in Usagara, the most distant province which exports 

 them to Zanzibar, they may be bought for 4 to 6 shukkah per 



