APPENDIX I, 



419 



lime into their quids,— as the Somal introduces ashes, — to make 

 them bite 5 in the interior, where calcareous formations are de- 

 ficient, they procure the article from cowries brought from the 

 coast, or from shells found in the lakes and streams. About 

 Unyamwezi all sexes and ages enjoy the pipe. Farther eastward 

 snuff is preferred. The liquid article in fashion amongst the 

 Wajiji has already been described. The dry snuff is made of 

 leaf toasted till crisp and pounded between two stones, mixed 

 with a little magadi or saltpetre, sometimes scented with the 

 heart of the plantain-tree and stored in the tumbakira or 

 gourd-box. 



The other articles exported from the coast to Zanzibar are 

 bees'-wax and honey, tortoiseshell and ambergris, ghee, tobacco^ 

 the sugar-cane, the wild arrowroot, gums, and fibrous substances; 

 of these many have been noticed, and the remainder are of too 

 trifling a value to deserve attention. 



To conclude the subject of commerce in East Africa. It is 

 rather to the merchant than to the missionary that we must 

 look for the regeneration of the country by the development of 

 her resources. The attention of the civilized world, now turned 

 towards this hitherto neglected region, will presently cause 

 slavery to cease ; man will not risk his all in petty and passion- 

 less feuds undertaken to sell his weaker neighbour ; and 

 commerce, which induces mansuetude of manners, will create 

 wants and interests at present unknown. As the remote is 

 gradually drawn nigh, and the difficult becomes accessible, the 

 intercourse of man — strongest instrument of civilisation in the 

 hand of Providence — will raise Africa to that place in the 

 great republic of nations .from which she has hitherto been 

 unhappily excluded. 



Already a line of steam navigation from the Cape of Good 

 Hope to Aden and the Red Sea, touching at the various im- 

 portant posts upon the mainland and the islands of East Africa, 

 has been proposed. This will be the first step towards material 

 improvement. The preceding pages have, it is believed, con- 

 vinced the reader that the construction of a tram road through a 

 country abounding in timber and iron, and where only one pass 

 of any importance presents itself, will be attended with no 

 engineering difficulties. As the land now lies, trade stagnates, 

 loanable capital remains idle, produce is depreciated, and new 

 seats of enterprise are unexplored. The specific for existing 

 evils is to be found in facilitating intercourse between the 

 interior and the coast, and that this will in due season be effected 

 we may no longer doubt. 



EE 2 



