428 ARCTIC RESEARCH EXPEDITION. 



such as the natives erect for shelter when hunting, and also a pile 

 of stones, which might have been made, as I thought, by Fro- 

 bisher's men, to cover some memorial left by them when trying to 

 escape in their ship. 



Much of the island was covered with shingle, and this, on the 

 north side, was so compact, and of such even surface, that it re- 

 minded me of the small cobble-stone pavements in cities. 



I collected as many relics from these ruins as we could possi- 

 bly carry, and, with Koojesse, returned to the boat. On our way 

 he said to me, 



" The men who built the ship, and started with it, all died — 

 died with the coldr 



I asked him how he knew this; and he replied that " all the 

 old Innuits said so." 



This agreed precisely with what old Ookijoxy Mnoo told me 

 the previous winter in the oral history she then communicated to 

 me, and I felt convinced that all the evidences before me could 

 refer to no other than Frobisher's expedition, and the men left be- 

 hind by that explorer. She said that the five men built a ship, 

 and found so much ice that they could not proceed, and finally 

 all froze to death. 



This island is generally called u Kod-lu-narn" because white men 

 lived on it, and built stone houses, and also a ship. The ship was 

 built for the object of escaping from this region. In the previ- 

 ous winter, while passing on our way from the ship to Oopung- 

 newing — an island three miles southwest from Kodlunarn — Koo- 

 jesse had pointed out this latter island, and said that white men 

 once built a ship there. I gave little heed to his statement at the 

 time, because I knew that to build a ship such materials were re- 

 quired as the regions thereabout were quite destitute of. But 

 when I heard the history of Ookijoxy Ninoo, I saw at once the 

 probability there was that Koojesse was right. 



From what I saw that day, I was fully convinced that many, 

 very many years ago, men of civilization did live upon the island 

 called by the Innuits Kodlunarn, and that they did build a vessel 

 — probably a schooner — there. 



The evidence was contained in the following objects which I 

 saw around me, viz. : 



Coal; flint-stone; fragments of tile, glass, and pottery; an exca- 

 vation which I have called an abandoned mine ; a trench by the 

 shore on an inclined plane, such as is used in building a ship on 



