born. — Modes of Gultivatioii. 1 1 V 



PINDIYAN OR TIJAH KARBAU. 

 In this method of cultivation, the ryot hires a herd 

 of buffaloes and turns them into the flooded land. They 

 are there driven about until all the weeds and grasp 

 are fairly trodden deeply under the mud. The hire 

 of a herd of 50 buffaloes amounts to about 1 J Sp. drs. 

 a day, and they will prepare 2 orlongs daily. The- 

 expense is Sp, drs. 30 for the 20 orlongs. 



other expenses must he calculated as before, 

 Ti saving iu labor, compared with the fajah method, 

 will not perhaps exceed 10 dollars, hut the gain by a 

 larger crop will perhaps be considerable. The ex* 

 pense of tending a herd of, SO buffaloes if kept for the 

 ■i!>>ve purpose, would be 75 Sp. drs. a year. But 

 when carts come into more general use, as roads are 

 extended, the combining of other employment for 

 Imflaloes with agriculture will no doubt be introduced 

 more universally, 



OOMAII. 



In this dry cultivation the jungle is cut down and 

 burned, and holes being immediately made in the virgin 

 S'»il u it h a sharp stake, four or five seeds of pat I die are 

 dropped into each, but are not covered with earth. Tins 

 cultivation is often mixed with that of Indian corn, 

 sesame, cucumbers, melons and gourds and pulses. 

 The cost of clearing and cultivating one orbing will 

 be about 12 Sp. drs. the first year, and for the third 

 year, (the second being unproductive) about 10 drs, 

 The average produce for the first year is reckoned 

 about the same as that of samai laud. It falls off 

 afterwards, as neither the plough or manure are ap- 

 - plied. - '• . 



The Malays" cut with the ringgum, on lands where 

 the sickle might be used. In addition to the reason 

 liefore assigned lor tlm expensive proceffc, namely 

 that the grain does not, from being mixed "perhaps. 



