120 . t-ans.—Pvliiiail Ev6nom$* 



the arts » and Ihe latter an* only touched occasionally 

 on Hie regions of science witlioiil being muc h enlight- 

 ened thereby Hie soM was a gift »to Mb, M of , 

 different value to each. The hunter requited a 

 Mfitt range and the precariously of his means of 

 *nl»asteuce tended to keep population nt a lott' stand- 

 ard. Having Satisfied his preying wauls, and other 

 trihrs, being then in as Ion or nearly as low, a condition 

 lis his own, his artificial wants were extremely limited 

 and could be supplied by himself. The shepherd 

 roamed over a more limited sj)ace,and the soil became 

 of mare value to him than a larger tract to the hunter, 

 because not only could he secure fond at all times but 

 generally in sueh plenty as to allow of a surplus, 

 which last generally went to increase the number of 

 his retainers under the patriarchal rule. 



But the tribe of hunters and the tribe of shepherds, 

 from tin nature of their avocations, could never settle, 

 long cndiigh in one spot to admit of any accumula- 

 tion of exchangeable capital ; for then wealth, being 

 all nearly of a like nature and at any rate not very 

 exportable, ther*e could be no inducement to any 

 interchange of it. In process. of time, however, some 

 artificial wants would be created by tlie natural 

 restlessness of the human mind, and as the shepherd 

 or more rarely the hunter could not consume his 

 surplus game, or cattle or milk, skins or wool, he 

 would be glad to save himself the trouble of raanufac-* 

 luring those articles which, besides food, he began to 

 find conducive to discomfort. After a while^thesc? 

 wants would increase, and as a new class of men 

 would now have been created by this appropriation 

 of surplus fond, and as a constant stale of locomotion 

 joined to increasing population and Ho eircunscribed 

 limits, arising from the growth of neighbouring tribes 

 would be inimical to a full cuju; meut of these new 



